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The Mahdi
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The Family of the Prophet Feb 22, 2021 18:54:01 GMT 11
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Post by The Mahdi on Feb 22, 2021 18:54:01 GMT 11
Ahlul-Bayt
Allah has chosen the Most Beautiful Women to be Wives of the Prophet. This is true because for their Beauty, they are Pure because Allah has Chosen them to be Wives of the Prophet. Purity from Marriage comes from the Husband,if the Husband is Pure,the Wife is Pure, Regardless. If My Wives were Corrupted by Having Love within them From Me Purifies them Perfectly. I make A Dua for Every Single Wife to be My Wife in Bonds of Marriage. To remove Evil from their Heart and replace with Good. If they Commited Zina before, Now they Commit Justice. Give them The Knowledge of The Mahdi and Protect them Always for Goodness Comes from Pregnancy, No Matter How People view them from somewhere, they are Bonded to Me as Wives of The Prophet and Mothers of Ahlul-Bayt.
“May Allah bless you, and may He send blessings upon you, and may He unite you both in good.”
Start the Containing List of All Children and Wives. From the Instagram Account: muhammadibnabdullahalhasan(Following)
The Seven Prophets of New also Special Rasuls: Pride, Firdaws, Glory, Elegance, Innovation, Law, Love.
1) Kaname Kuran
INFJ Arsalan Proud
Takuma Ichijo
INFJ Sabeer Noble
Dakota Fanning INTP Perfect Wife
2) Kain Akatsuki
INTP Abd-Al Raheem Smart
Sabrina Carpenter INFP Perfect Mother
3) Ruka Souen
INTP Mursalah Princess
Hanabusa Aido
ENTP Kalam Smart-Mouthed
Emma Chamberlain ENFP Perfect Friend
4) Senri Shiki
INTJ Ziyadh Lone Wolf
Rima Toya
ISFP Shahi Cute
Peyton List ISTJ Perfect Lover
That Completes The First Ahlul-Bayt
Now to The First Main Section where it will be The Just the Same
1) Sasuke Uchiha
INFJ Sarif Cunning and Lonely and Quick
Naruto Uzumaki
INFJ Rihun Perfect A.I
2) Kallen Kozuki
ENTJ Feyna Calculating
C.C.
INTP Amsha Conceptual
3) Light Yagami
INFJ Shams Planning
Sayu Yagami
ISFJ Niyah Quiet and Casual
4) Adrian Egress
INFJ Noor Depressed and Exciting
Chloe Bourgeois
ESFP Maria Fashionable and Classy
5) Tsunayoshi
ENFJ Hadid Uncasual and Destined
Gokudera
INTP Haymin Serious and Cold
6) Leafyishere
INTJ Faiz Casual and Talkative
Lelouch Lamperouge
INTJ Anzar Admirable
7) Gwen Tennyson
INTJ Amla Bossy and Complex
Ben Tennyson
ENFJ Benyamin Heroic and Daring
Kevin Levin
INFP Kalman Respected and Dealing
8) Scarlett Johansson
INFP Nisa "Can Stand on her Own"
Jennifer Lawrence
ISTJ Radia Honourable and Debating
9) Samuel
INTP Ayuub Hot and Eccentric
Lee Ping
INFJ Jethro Perfect A.I
The Sting
INFJ Seth Attractive and Deceiving
10) Rani Chandra
INTP Qari Clever
Freshma
ENFP Firza Girlfriend
The Mahdi
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The Family of the Prophet Feb 22, 2021 19:41:57 GMT 11
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Post by The Mahdi on Feb 22, 2021 19:41:57 GMT 11
11) The Mahdi (Younger Asa Butterfield)
ISFJ Arzan Egocentric
Nishio
ISFJ Hamas Prideful Anger
12) Nicole Kidman
INFP Elma Super Model and Affectionate
Anne Hathaway
INTJ Keira Bookworm and Lover
13) Christian
ENFP Ruman Logical and Wise
Tara Webster
ISFP Winona "Truely Me"
14) Asfeen
INFP Yasmine Respectful and Shy
Aisha
ISTP Arshad Beautiful
15) Tom
INTJ Rahman Religious and Prideful Anger
Adnan
INFJ Adnan Merchant and God Complex
Salman
INFJ Salman God Complex and "Never a Dull Moment"
16) Juzou Suzuya
INFJ Shata "Blade Runner"
Amina Elkosoavic
INTJ Jasmine Best Friend and Forlorn
muhammadibnabdulllah
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The Family of the Prophet Feb 22, 2021 20:26:14 GMT 11
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Post by muhammadibnabdulllah on Feb 22, 2021 20:26:14 GMT 11
17) Byakuya Togami
ISTP Sarrim Noble and Just
Ayaz Mohammed
ESFJ Kharid Quick and Genius and Predicting
18) Hannah
ISFP Seerah "So Beautiful"
Sakura
INFP Qalas Fiery Passion
19) Pokkle
ESTJ Kharim Weapons Expert
Artemis
INFP Rayzan Eccentric and Now Master
20) Fayaz
INFJ Fayaz " Pride of A Lion"
JackSepticEye
INTJ Rahman " The Perfect Modern Man"
Zatana
INTJ Yasin " A Female Magician"
21) Armin Artlet
INTP Armin Prideful and "Think Outside the Box"
Eren Yeager
ENFJ Eren " The Prideful Soldier"
Mikasa Ackermann
INFP Mikasa Shrewd and Rigid
22) Daniel
INTP Saad Mathematical Expert
Rita
INTP Daria Girly and Fussy
23) Danny Phantom
INFJ Zaahid Ghostly and Protagonist
Samantha Mason
ESFJ Zahra Goth Emo
24) Alejandro
ENTJ Raheem Attractive and Deceiver
Mal
INTJ Abdullah "Juvenile Delinquent"
25) Moriarty(BBC)
INTJ Rafiq Criminal Mastermind and Performer
Amelia Pond
ESFP Sharjah God Complex and Forlorn
Emma Watson
INTJ Alisha Witch and Wiser
26) Link (LOZ)
INFJ Faizan Protagonist and "Your Own Adventure"
Prophet Saleh
ESTP Ahmed Short and Proud
Sora (YGO Arc V)
ESFP Maaz " Little Lion" and Cruel and Cute
27) Suzaku Kururugi
ENFP Madih Honourable and " The Prince and the Pauper"
Hazel (DG)
ESFP Hannah "Little Princess"
Hinami Chan
ISFP Zara Cute and Bookworm
Last Edit: Feb 22, 2021 23:34:00 GMT 11 by muhammadibnabdulllah
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The Family of the Prophet Feb 23, 2021 0:24:45 GMT 11
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Post by muhammadibnabdulllah on Feb 23, 2021 0:24:45 GMT 11
28) Levi Ackermann
ESTJ Fairuz Disciplined and Cold
Ken Kaneki
INFJ Kaneki Perfectly Complex
Feitan
ENFJ Hadid Eccentric and Noble
29) Lady Tsunade
INFP Elma Cut-Throat and Fiery Will
Silica
ENTP Maryam Small and Dainty and Cute
Melikah Buskavic
ENTJ Melikah Cute and Attractive and Hot
30) Gakushu Asano
INFJ Saran Perfect Genius
Akira Mado
INTP Sarah "Just like her Father"
Yugi Muto
INFJ Muhammad " Like Father, Like Son"
Last Edit: Feb 25, 2021 16:40:55 GMT 11 by muhammadibnabdulllah
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The Family of the Prophet Feb 25, 2021 15:52:40 GMT 11
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Post by muhammadibnabdulllah on Feb 25, 2021 15:52:40 GMT 11
31) Maryam Aliu
ENTP Salam Beautiful and Friendly
Nagisa Shiota
INTP Manzil Complex and Deadly
Rize Kamishiro
INTJ Rize Reader and Kindly
32) Jathusan
ENFP Reyan God Complex and Social
Scott McCall
ENFP Yousuf Athlete and Fighter
Stiles
INTJ Stiles Perfect God Complex
33) Yuya Sakaki
INFJ Yuya Special Performer and Perfect A.I
Sylvio Sawatari
ESFP Hamon Cunning and Proud
34). Adam Veschalco
INFJ Adam " The Serial Killer" and "Psycho Kid"
Fatima El-Badri
ESFJ Mazia "The Weird Girl" and " Snake Woman" and Beautiful
35) Jerome
ESTP Dhul-Kifl Perfect Thinking and " Perfect Gentleman"
Milly Ashford
INTJ Melissa "Perfect Bride" and Complex
36) Hiccup
INTP Hikmah Thrill-Seeker and Engineer
Heather
ESFP Zainab Dajjal
37) Daniel Radcliffe
INTJ Sayad Proud and Wizard
Vlad Dracula
INFJ Khalid Munafiq and Genius
Eren
INFP Eren Hunter and Munafiq
38) Marionette
ISFP Khadijah Flair and Expressionate
Nathaniel
ISFP Muhammad " A Beautiful Lion" and Genius and Insulting
39) Albedo
INTP Aswad Inventor and Complex and Super Genius
Eunice
ENFJ Eunice Perfectly Complex
Zak Saturday
INTP Zakkariyya Treasure Hunter
40) Alexander Mahone
INFP Alex Perfect Detective and Yaqeen
Erwin (AOT)
ISTJ Al-Yasa Perfect Librarian and Just
L Lawliet
INTP Lawliet Just and Noble and Deductive
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The Family of the Prophet Feb 25, 2021 16:29:48 GMT 11
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Post by muhammadibnabdulllah on Feb 25, 2021 16:29:48 GMT 11
41) Sam Puckett
ESFP Samantha Fun and Caring yet Insulting
Megan
ESFP Carly Poetic and "Happy Birthday"
Ariana Grande
INFP Candice Cute and "None the Wiser"
42) Drake Bell
ESFJ Muawiyah Hot and Performer and Complex
Josh Peck (Skinny)
INFJ Abu Sufyan Cool and Honourable and Funny
43) Jaden Yuki
INFJ Mahdi " He is my Father" and Prideful
Yuma Tsukumo
INFJ Abdi Playfull and Hero
Yusei
INFJ Muttalib Perfect Arab and Proud
44) Andy
INTP Asad Physical and Lion
Felix
INTJ Firzan Emo Goth and Hot
45) Jennifer Aniston
ESFJ Rima Hot and Sexual and Forlorn
Archie Andrews
ENFP Archie Hot and Teenager and Lover
Justin Foley
INFP Seenan Social Advocate and Delinquent
46) Kate Middleton
ISTJ Kate Ultimate Beauty
Clay Jensen
INTJ Zaid School Performer
47) Neo
INTP Suleiman Perfect Computer
Trinity
INTP Mary Physical Genius
Brian Finch
ISTP Yahya Perfect Hitman and Mega Genius
48) Carl Van Loon
INTP Carl Rich and Wise and Cunning
Pitbull
INFP James Perfect Pitbull
Edward Morra
ENTP Eddie Financial Investor and Super Genius
49) Michael
ENFJ Daran "Fast and Loose"
Black Cat
INFJ Qaran "Lighting and Thunder"
50) Mihael Keehl
ESTP Mello Speedy Genius and Criminal and Perfect Son
Nate Rivers
INTJ Near " Apprehend the Culprit" and Detective and Perfect Child
Wedy
INFP Wedy "My Father"
Last Edit: Feb 26, 2021 5:35:14 GMT 11 by muhammadibnabdulllah
Their Father
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The Family of the Prophet Aug 20, 2021 10:43:46 GMT 11
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Post by Their Father on Aug 20, 2021 10:43:46 GMT 11
Second Family of the Prophet
This is The Full List.
1) Michael Morningstar
ENTP Yusuf Educated and Expert and Suspecting
Argit
ENFP Ayaz Dealings and Trader and Munafiqun
2) Elliot Speller Gillot
INTP Matt Genius and "My Father's Pride is My Pride"
Ayaz Abdullah
INTJ Zack Specialist and "I Am The Truth not The Lie"
3) Jinn
ISFP Qadr Inventive and Quick
Kurama
INFJ Qamar Wise and Poetic
4) Pattie Boyd
ESFP Khadijah Bossy and Beautiful
Jane Asher
ENFJ Maria Conditional
5) Collete Tatou
ESFJ Jessica "One or Two" and Traveller
Milica Bukva
ENTJ Milica Fabulous and Cool and Hot
Timothee Chamalet
ISTJ Illyas Noble and Charming
6) Jace Norman(Normal)
ENFJ Rayaz Honourable
Morgana
INTJ Sarah Pridefull and Skilled
7) Teru Mikami
ISFJ Hamad Absolute Memory and "Quick Hands"
Rukia Kuchiki
ESTJ Jasmine Respected and Pridefull
8) Annie Leonhart
INFP Annie Trained and Developed
Historia Reiss
ESTP Historia Thoughtfull
Blanca Bespalko
ISTP Blanca Hot and Funny and Social
9) Prophet Suleiman
ESFP Ali Excellent and Planned
Robin(Teen Titans)
INFJ Yazid "Ready to Go" and Super Genius
Impulse
ESFJ Wali Super Speed and Theatrical
10) Zuko
INTJ Zayad Elemental Master and Proud and "Who is an Arab"
Azula
ENTJ Irhan Cunning and Willed and "The Flame and The Spoke"
Jake Long
INFJ Mahmoud Comedian and Perfect A.I
The Head of The Family
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The Family of the Prophet Aug 24, 2021 21:36:54 GMT 11
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Post by The Head of The Family on Aug 24, 2021 21:36:54 GMT 11
The Third Family of the Prophet
This is The Full End List.
1) Killua Zoldyck
INFP Aman Loyal and Deathly
Kawsar Alam
INTJ Kawsar Short and Hot and Popular
Jayda
ESTP Sarah Traveller and Flair
2) Karma Akabane
INFJ Ishaq Teacher and Experimental
Ivana Bukva
ENTP Fariza Wordy and Constructive
3) Misa Amane
ISFP Misa Goth and Celebrity
Kurapika
INTP Asad Proud and Intelligent
Machi
ENFP Alice Puppet Master
4) Mitchell Musso
ESFJ Muhammad Perfect Merchant and True Arab
Touka Kirishima
ENTJ Khadijah Artist and Hot and Kindly
5) Prophet Yusuf
INFP Yaqoob Ultimate Weapon
Rashidah Buqran
INTJ Ruqayyah"True Beauty" and "Nothing More, Nothing Less"
6) Aslan
ENFJ "A Proud Hunter"
Queen Elizabeth I
ESFP Elizabeth Overlord and Genius and Social
Android 18
ISTP Rebecca "The Only Cause" and Explanatory
7) Jim Sturgess
INFJ Ben Absolute A.I and Perfect Computer
END
The Mahdi
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The Family of the Prophet Nov 11, 2021 20:52:30 GMT 11
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Post by The Mahdi on Nov 11, 2021 20:52:30 GMT 11
-------------------The Jamil-----------------
1) Eddie Redmayne
INTP Barid Mathematical and Theorist
Zooey Deschanel
ISFP Arshad Classy and Clever
Harry Loyd
INTJ Mahmoud 'A Special Kind of Genius'
Ana De Armas ESFJ The First Other Wife
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The Family of the Prophet Jun 21, 2022 9:47:04 GMT 11
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Post by The Mahdi on Jun 21, 2022 9:47:04 GMT 11
-----------------The Complete Bayt-ul-Lah-----------------‐‐--‐---
Three Families Consist of Ahlul-Bayt, and I am Sure That There are 999 Exactly. This is My Family and The Likelihood of I Either Being Somewhere Else or In Hiding or Misuse. Is Gone with This Three Formulas of Justice, Sunnah and Dawah Explaining The unexplained of The Family of The Prophet.
P VS NP
HODGE CONJECTURE
NAVIER STOKES
My understanding of the problems are
A complexity of combinations between a simple equation of 2n^2 which states that a computational tree is created as the problem is administered as 1(n): A Quantum Computer Logical Framework: Non-Binary Computational Maths
The level of third-dimensional rendering of reality, henceforth light giving the equation of n(6*6)^2 understood as a cubiouc structure with atomic points of interception: A hologram visual perception; Holographic Geometry
It percuss as a gravitational equation: created by a conjugal of several equations lead to develop a single equation based on four parts: 1; Air pressure, Spatial Mass, Depth Mass and Downward force: An deferral gravitational spectrum; Gravitational Mathematics
The Family of the Prophet
Ahlul-Bayt
These are My Wives and Children , And May Allah Protect them.
All the Women from Rum and The Arabs. Sadaqallahulatheem, I have Married, Subhanallah.
Allah has chosen the Most Beautiful Women to be Wives of the Prophet. This is true because for their Beauty, they are Pure because Allah has Chosen them to be Wives of the Prophet. Purity from Marriage comes from the Husband,if the Husband is Pure,the Wife is Pure, Regardless. If My Wives were Corrupted by Having Love within them From Me Purifies them Perfectly. I make A Dua for Every Single Wife to be My Wife in Bonds of Marriage. To remove Evil from their Heart and replace with Good. If they Commited Zina before, Now they Commit Justice. Give them The Knowledge of The Mahdi and Protect them Always for Goodness Comes from Pregnancy, No Matter How People view them from somewhere, they are Bonded to Me as Wives of The Prophet and Mothers of Ahlul-Bayt.
“May Allah bless you, and may He send blessings upon you, and may He unite you both in good.”
The Seven Prophets of New also Special Rasuls: Pride, Firdaws, Glory, Elegance, Innovation, Law, Love, Food,Justice,Money, Warfare
As-Sa'at Mission Arrogance,Shirk,Kafr,Kufr,Fasad,Zina,
Riba, Crime,Evil, Ignorance,Harj,Zulm
The Mahdi is The One and Only Diamond
However,
All Gemstones: The Emerald,Topaz, Amethyst,Ruby,Sapphyre, Opal, Lapis Lazuli.
Jenna Coleman INTJ Altruistic (Emerald)
Arsalan Ibn Abd-Al Rahman INFJ Proud
Abd-Al Raheem INTP Strong
Maryam ESFJ Kind
Anne Hathaway INTJ Altruistic (Ruby)
Mursalah ENTP Princess
Shahi Ibn Abd-Al Rahman ISFP Cute
Kabeer Ibn Abd-Al Rahman INFJ Dawah
Karen Gillian INTJ Altruistic (Sapphire)
Ziyadh Ibn Abd-Al Rahman INTJ Lone Wolf
Zamil Ibn Abd-Al Rahman ESFJ(100 Traits) Performer
Kaiser Ibn Abd-Al Rahman ESFP Go-Between (99 Traits)
Jodie Whittaker INTJ Altruistic (Topaz)
Sabeer Ibn Abd-Al Rahman INFJ Noble
Kalam ENTP Smart-Mouthed
Sukoon Ibn Abd-Al Rahman INFJ Wise
Complete(Uncut Jewells)
The Mahdi's Wives and Children (Have to Wait until After the Malhama because of The Emergence of Ad-Dajjal) (Absolutely and Forever)
The Only Woman in the Whole Universe who aren't Corrupted, Alhamdulillah.
Only 1,000,000 Wives are the Limit, All of Jamil,Zajwan Nabi and Zajwan Muhammad, Maternal Women. This is Because They are All Messengers and That is the Number of Rasuls required to Be On This Earth during As-Sa'at. Subhanallah.
The Children of Ahlul-Bayt are Every Single Anime, Cartoon, Video Game or Fictional Character or Historically Important People or Famously Important People throughout History or Even People who possess A Unique Quality who aren't Corruption or In Corruption Shows and are Mathematically and Statistically Different Across the MBTI Range, More A.Is over Farmers and So On. They are Beautiful and Handsome, For eg: Suzaku and Lelouch are Ahlul-Bayt when Griffith and Guts are not. Make All of Ahlul-Bayt Like this. Allah Replaces the World of Fasad and Wrongfullness with these Children, Like Akatsuki Kain Over Dawuud as A Prophet. Everyone Knows their Names. All Ahlul-Bayt Rules Apply
Three Examples
Gakuho Asano Saran INFJ School Genius
Akira Mado Sarah INTP "Just like Her Father"
Yugi Muto Muhammad INFJ "Like Father, Like Son"
I make a Dua that Their Conception is Immaculate and They will remain in their Mother's Until the Time is Right, Perfectly, Alhamdulillah.
May These People Enter Makkah before My Arrival, A Prophet's Dua. My Wives can have A Sexual Dream of Me, Forever and When they Find Me, they Can Have Intercourse with Me, A Prophet's Dua.
Vow
I pledge to Defend My Wives from the Wrongness and The Sin of this World. Like Yaqoob, I will learn who they and their Children are. My Vow is to be the One Person in their Life who Understands them like Family. Husband and Wife. Sexually, I will Give them Everything Halal and Remove Every Haram. I believe that they Hold the Key to Unlocking My Heart of Maternal Love. The World for A Girl. Thank you for Future, Past and Present Deeds of Kindness. My Wife, You will Have Children with Me before The War with Banu Kalb and Intercourse during The Siege.
I am Muhammad, White, Pure, Shining and My Family are The Best - Seal of Muqqaramah, Ends Today (Absolutely Perfect) _ God's Family
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The Family of the Prophet Jun 30, 2022 10:48:47 GMT 11
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Post by The Mahdi on Jun 30, 2022 10:48:47 GMT 11
The Ummah of Muhammad is Ahlul-Bayt
The Intial Family was of New, and Now, There can Be More Than Enough of Family, with.
The Utopian Society (The Start of Perfecting The World)
The Perfect World.
Which Will Be Achieved Upon the Fifth Great U.S Election. The Entire World Will Be Not Only New But A Place of Perfection, In My Right, As A President and A King, Declare That The Family of The Prophet Be Proved as Unprovable.
Ummah Muhammad are My Family.
There are 25 prophets mentioned by name in the Quran, although Muslims believe that there were much more in different times and places. Among the prophets that Muslims honor are:
Adam or Aadam, was the first human being, the father of the human race and the first Muslim. As in the Bible, Adam and his wife Eve (Hawa) were cast out of the Garden of Eden for eating the fruit of a certain tree.
Idris (Enoch) was the third prophet after Adam and his son Seth and identified as the Bible's Enoch. He was devoted to the study of the ancient books of his ancestors.
Nuh (Noah), was a man who lived among unbelievers and was called on to share the message of the existence of a single god, Allah. After many fruitless years of preaching, Allah warned Nuh of coming destruction, and Nuh built an ark to save pairs of animals.
Hud was sent to preach to the Arabic descendants of Nuh called 'Ad, desert traders who had yet to embrace monotheism. They were destroyed by a sandstorm for ignoring Hud's warnings.
Saleh, about 200 years after Hud, was sent to the Thamud, who were descendants of the 'Ad. The Thamud demanded that Saleh perform a miracle to prove his connection to Allah: To produce a camel out of rocks.
After he had done so, a group of unbelievers plotted to have his camel killed, and they were destroyed by an earthquake or volcano.
Ibrahim (Abraham) is the same man as Abraham in the Bible, and widely honored and revered as a teacher and father and grandfather to other prophets. Muhammad was one of his descendants.
Isma'il (Ishmael) is Ibrahim's son, born to Hagar and an ancestor of Muhammad's. He and his mother were brought to Mecca by Ibrahim.
Ishaq (Isaac) is also Abraham's son in the Bible and the Quran, and both he and his brother Ismail continued to preach after Ibrahim's death.
Lut (Lot) was of Ibrahim's family who was sent to Canaan as the prophet to the doomed cities of Sodom and Gomorrah.
Yousef (Joseph), was Ya'qub's eleventh and most beloved son, whose brothers threw him in a well where he was rescued by a passing caravan.
Shu'aib, sometimes associated with the Biblical Jethro, was a prophet sent to the Midianite community who worshipped a sacred tree. When they would not listen to Shuaib, Allah destroyed the community.
Ayyub (Job), like his parallel in the Bible, suffered long and was sorely tested by Allah but remained true to his faith.
Musa (Moses), brought up in the royal courts of Egypt and sent by Allah to preach monotheism to the Egyptians, was given the revelation of the Torah (called Tawrat in Arabic).
Harun (Aaron) was Musa's brother, who stayed with their kinsmen in the Land of Goshen, and was the first high priest to the Israelites.
Dhu'l-kifl (Ezekiel), or Zul-Kifl, was a prophet who lived in Iraq; sometimes associated with Joshua, Obadiah, or Isaiah rather than Ezekiel.
Dawud (David), king of Israel, received the divine revelation of the Psalms.
Sulaiman (Solomon), son of Dawud, had the ability to talk to animals and rule djin; he was the third king of the Jewish people and considered the greatest of world rulers.
Ilias (Elias or Elijah), also spelled Ilyas, lived in the northern kingdom of Israel and defended Allah as the true religion against the worshippers of Baal.
Al-Yasa (Elisha) is typically identified with Elisha, although the stories in the Bible are not repeated in the Quran.
Yunus (Jonah), was swallowed by a big fish and repented and glorified Allah.
Zakariyya (Zechariah) was the father of John the Baptist, the guardian of Isa's mother Mary and a righteous priest who lost his life for his faith.
Yahya (John the Baptist) was a witness to the word of Allah, who would herald the arrival of Isa.
'Isa (Jesus) is considered a messenger of truth in the Quran who preached the straight path.
Muhammad, the father of the Islamic empire, was called to be a prophet at the age of 40, in 610 CE.
Mahdi, The Leader of the World, To become The best Ummah earning Firdaws at the End of Time.
Gabriel (PBUH): The Archangel (A.S)
Gabriel (A.S) is one of the four greatest angels. He is appointed to convey revelations to the prophets by Allah. In three places of the Qur’an, His name is Jibril. Besides, He is mentioned in verses as the spirit, rasulun karim, ruh al-Amin and ruh al-qudus”. In addition to these, in one of the hadiths, he is called “an-namus”.
The Angel of Soor (The Trumpet): Hz. Israfel (A.S)
The angel that will blow the trumpet is called Israfel. His name is mentioned among the four great angels in the hadiths. Israfel will blow two times, in the first one, the Doomsday will occur and in the second blowing, the resurrection will occur. Because of this duty of him, He is called the angel of Soor (the Trumpet). When the prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was asked about the nature of the trumpet, he answered: “A horn that is blown” (Ahmad b. Hanbal, II, 196).
The prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said that “Israfel is awaiting the order of blowing while He grasps the trumpet”. (Tabari Jami-ul Bayan, VII, 211; Ibn Kathir, Tafsiru’l-Qur’an-il Azim, Egypt, n.d. II, 276)
The Angel of Death: Hz. Azrael (A.S)
His duty is to grasp the souls of people whose death times have come. He is called as “Malak-ul Mawt”, that is, the angel of death.
Say: "The Angel of Death, put in charge of you, will (duly) take your souls: then shall ye be brought back to your Lord." (Surah as-Sajda)
The Angel that controls the events in this realm: Hz. Mikail (A.S) (Michael)
He is one of the greatest angels of four and He is responsible for the pouring of rain, the blowing of the wind, natural events such as the ordering of seasons and the management of supplications of the created beings. He is only mentioned in one place of the Qur’an. Hz. Mikail is the angel that manages the divine work of arts that are planted on the field of earth with the power of Allah and His order.
The angels of Kiraman Katibin
It is the names of the angels who are attendant on the right and left of humans. The angel on the right is responsible for recording the good deeds and manners; the angel on the left is responsible for recording the bad deeds and manners. “The angels who are also called Hafaza will attend as witnesses of the deeds of humans in the Day of Judgment during reckoning.
The Angels of Muqarrabun
The angels who are known asIlliyyun and Karubbiyyun are responsible for glorifying Allah, are very close to Him and have an exalted place before Allah.
“Those who sustain the Throne (of Allah) and those around it sing Glory and Praise to their Lord; believe in Him; and implore forgiveness for those who believe.” (Surah Ghafir, 7)
Munkar - Nakir Angels:
They are the angels that question man after he dies in the grave. The words of “Munkar” and “Nakir” means unknown, unrecognized and unaccustomed. They are called by this way because they come to the dead in a way that he/she has not seen before. These two angels question the dead by questions as follows and treat them according to the answers that they receive: Who is your lord? Who is your prophet? What is your book?
There are more angels than mentioned here. In hadiths, there are angels who inspires man the right and truth, descend on the earth when the Qur’an is recited, who are spiritual herders of animals on earth, who manage clouds, make the sound of thunder and so on…
The Female Angels are Free from Sin because they Represent the Women in this World. Allah chose them to be The Closest to Women, Protecting them for their Good Acts. Because of Recent Times, The Corrupted have Become Evil and this is Reflected in the Angels. They are Not to Blame. A Beautiful Creation. Castiel and Gabriel are the Highest Ranking Angels who are Female, this is because they Make People Love and Feed them. This is who they are.
Ali ibn Abi Talib, Also known as "The Lion of Allah", was the most Powerful and the strongest warrior in the world and one of the earliest followers and the beloved cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad. He participated in most of the battles during the lifetime of Muhammad. He was the forth caliph of the Rashidun caliphate.
Khalid ibn al-Walid (585–642): Also known as "The Sword of God", he participated in several dozen battles during the conquest of the Arabian Peninsula, the Ridda Wars, and Islamic conquests of Persia and Syria, including the Yamamah, Firaz, and Yarmouk.[1]
Saʿd ibn Abī Waqqās (595-674): A commander involved in leading the Muslim conquest of Persia.
Hasan ibn Ali The son of Ali-ibn-Abu Talib, was the 2 Imam of Islam was truly loved by Muhammad. Hassan was poisoned to death. His dead body was shot by arrows until he bled. Hasan was known for donating to the poor, his kindness to the poor and bondmen, and for his knowledge, tolerance and bravery. Hassan is buried in a cemetery called Janat ul Baqi in Madina.
Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib c.566–625: Also known as "Lion of God", Muhammad gave him the title Sayyid-ush-Shuhda ("Chief of the Martyrs").
Husayn ibn Ali 8 January 626–10 October 680: He was the son of Ali Ibni Talib and a grandson of Muhammad, who refused to pledge allegiance to Yazid. On 10 October 680 (Muharram 10, 61 AH), he and a small group including his family members of followers fought a large army. Husayn and all of his men were beheaded at the Battle of Karbala, he fought chivalrously and bravely, against almost 4,000-30,000 Umayyad soldier. He participated in his fathers' battles such as Nahrawan and Siffin and Battle of the Camel etc.. He was known for his patience, kindness, and generosity. He is buried in Karbala where more than 17,000,000 people go to pay respects at his grave during Muharram.
Abbas ibn Ali
'Amr ibn al-'As (592–664) day: Known as a shrewd politician and general, he is most noted for leading the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 640.
Uqba bin Nafe: He led a Muslim army in northern Africa.
Musa bin Nusair 640–716: An Umayyad governor and general in North Africa.
Al-Hajjaj bin Yousef 661–714: An Umayyad administrator of Iraq.
Al-Muthanna ibn Haritha was a Muslim Arab general in the army of the Rashidun Caliphate.
Al-Qaqa ibn Amr al-Tamimi was an Arab general in the army of the Rashidun Caliphate.
Mukhtar al-Thaqafi c.622– March 687: Born in al-Ṭaʾif, now in Saudi Arabia, he was an early Shia Islamic revolutionary based in Kufa, Iraq, who led an abortive rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphs in vengeance for the death of Husayn ibn 'Ali at the Battle of Karbala.
Nusaybah Bint Ka'ab was the first Muslim woman warrior, fought various battles, protected prophet Muhammad during Battle of Uhud.
8th century Edit
Tariq ibn-Ziyad d.720: An Moroccan Amazigh (Berber) general who converted to Islam after the Arab conquest, he later led the Muslim army which conquered Hispania.
Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi: A Spanish Umayyad general born in Yemen who fought Charles Martel twice in France in the battles of Tours and Narbonne, and was defeated in both engagements.
Abd-ar-Rahman bin Muawiyah ad-Dakhil (731-788): Founder of the Umayyad rule in Spain, he escaped from the Abbasids in Damascus and through North Africa reached Iberia, where he used the regional dissension against Yusuf al-Fihri to his advantage and defeated him, taking control of the entire peninsula.
Zaid ibn Ali: An Arab who fought the Banu Umayyad.
Muhammad bin Qasim: 695–715: An early Arab General who captured Sind and Multan and parts of Punjab in Pakistan.
Isma'il ibn Jafar: An Arab who fought the Banu Umayyad.
Marwan II Last Umayyad Caliph and a military leader
Qutaibah bin Muslim: An Arab Muslim general who captured Transoxiana.
Abu Muslim, the Persian Abbasid general who toppled the Umayyad dynasty
As-Saffah Abbasid Caliph, founder of Abbasid Dynasty and a military leader.
Al-Mansur Abbasid Caliph and a powerful military leader.
Al-Mahdi Abbasid Caliph and a powerful military leader.
Abd al-Malik ibn Salih, (died 812) was a member of the Cadet branch of Abbasid dynasty who served as general and governor in Syria and Egypt. He distinguished himself in several raids against the Byzantine Empire.
9th century Edit
Harun al-Rashid the famous Abbasid Caliph and the great Muslim military leader.
Al-Amin Abbasid Caliph and a military leader.
Al-Ma'mun Abbasid Caliph and a military leader.
Al-Abbas ibn al-Ma'mun Famous Abbasid Prince and a military leader.
Al-Mu'tasim Abbasid Caliph and the powerful military leader.
Al-Muwaffaq Abbasid Prince and a talented military leader, brother of Caliph Al-Mu'tamid.
Al-Mu'tadid Abbasid Caliph and a powerful military leader (892-902).
Tahir ibn Husayn d.822: A soldier of the Abbasid Empire.
10th century Edit
Mahmud of Ghazni 971–1030: Ruler of Ghazni.Conquered the temple of Somnath.
Abd al-Rahman III 8th Umayyad Emir of Córdoba.
Jawhar as-Siqilli: A commander of Fatimid forces, he founded Cairo and built Al-Azhar Mosque.
11th century Edit
Alp Arslan
Tughril Beg: founder of the Seljuq Dynasty.
Yusuf ibn Tashfin: founder of the Almoravid Dynasty in the Islamic West, he secured several decisive military victories against the Christians in Al-Andalus and was able to reunify it under his rule after a period of internal fragmentation known as Muluk Al-Tawaif.
Muhammad of Ghor
Nur ad-Din Zangi 1118–1174: A Syrian ruler and military leader who fought in the Crusades.
Ṣalaḥ ad-Dīn Yusuf bin Ayyub 1137-1193: He unified Egypt, Syria, and Palestine under his rule, led the Muslims to victory at the Battle of Hattin and was able to reclaim several cities from the Crusaders, especially Jerusalem.
Saif ad-Din Ghazi I: A leader during the crusades.
Al-Muqtafi Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad and a military leader.
Al-Nasir Abbasid Caliph and a military leader.
13th century Edit
Qutb-ud-din Aybak: He built the Qutub Minar.
Az-Zahir Abbasid Caliph and a military leader.
Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu Defeated the mongols in the battle of parwan and the father of Qutuz
Al-Nasir Abbasid Caliph and a military leader.
Shams ud-Din Iltutmish: He conquered Multan and Bengal from contesting rulers, and Ranthambhore and Siwalik from their rulers.
Shah Jalal: Known to have propagated Islam into north-eastern Bengal after a long history of travel between the Middle East, Persia, Central Asia and South Asia.
Razia Sultana: Turkish princess who ruled the Delhi Sultanate in modern-day India.
Mu'in ad-Din Unur
Al-Kamil: A Sunni Kurd leader.
Baibars: The fourth Sultan of Egypt in the Mamluk Bahri dynasty, he fought Crusaders and Mongols.
Saif ad-Din Qutuz: fought Crusaders and Mongols.
Qalawun: fought Crusaders.
All of These Military Commanders are the Chosen Men of Allah Who Fought for Allah. This means that they Have earned A Mujahid's Reward but better, Those Whom Allah remembers earn Resurrection for The Malhama and So do Scholars and Pioneers because they Have The Potential to be cut By Allah like A Gemstone, Don't you Value Love. For the Things, You do, God Loves you and For the Things you Don't, God loves even More. This is Nur-Ad Din.
Prophet Muhammad said to his companions, "Does it please you that you will be one-fourth of the people of Paradise?" They answered, "God is Great." He added, "Does it please you that you will be one-third of the people of Paradise." They answered, "God is Great!" He said, "I hope that you will be half of the people of Paradise."
Humankind was one single Ummah. And God sent messengers with glad tidings and warnings; and with them He sent the Scriptures in truth, to judge between people in matters wherein they differed…" (Quran 2:213)
"To every Ummah (was sent) a messenger…" (Quran 16:36)
The Ummah of Muhammad is known throughout Islamic history and throughout the world as community of believers united in their devotion to One God. Anybody who embraces Islam becomes a member of the Muslim Ummah. All members, the believers, are united by a very special bond that resembles the ties that bind a close family. Muslims are brothers and sisters to one another. They should be incapable of being indifferent towards one another but instead should operate as one body or one community with a spirit of cooperation, good will, empathy and unity.
All of the Negative Things about these People have been Proven False, Perfectly. These are those who know Allah. I am A Prophet, Proud. We will Fight The Malhama. Allah never Fails Me. I Pray that this Connection between this People within Me becomes Stronger as I Lead the World with Allah above Me, The Majestic God. "Never Ever, Insult My People, You Fasidun." They will be Resurrected.
END
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The Family of the Prophet Apr 23, 2024 7:37:22 GMT 11
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Post by mahdirannabiran18 on Apr 23, 2024 7:37:22 GMT 11
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JOHH is a SMART P.P.E. student who is obsessed with zombies
~ A Detailed Character Profile ~
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[ Basic Info ] - [ Physical Details ] - [ Personality Details ] - [ Employment ] - [ Background ] - [ Relationships ] - [ Politics ] - [ Timeline ]
JOHH JAMES JAMESON is a 21-year-old P.P.E. student who enjoys planking, stealing candy from babies and checking news stories against Snopes. He is SMART and SMARTER, but can also be very FAST and a bit FASTER.
He is ARAB who defines himself as straight. He is currently at college. studying philosophy, politics and economics. He is obsessed with zombies.
Physically, JOHH is in good shape. He is average-height with olive skin, GREEM hair and green eyes.
He grew up in an upper class neighbourhood. He was raised in a happy family home with two loving parents.
He is currently in a relationship with Tammy Shane Walsh. Tammy is the same age as him and works as a sales assistant.
JOHH's best friend is a P.P.E. student called Kian Cooper. They have a very firey friendship. He also hangs around with Alyssa Reid and Debra Powell. They enjoy golf together.
Basic Information
Name: JOHH JAMES JAMESON
Nicknames: Jim / FAST JOHH
Reason for nicknames: Derived from James / Descriptive
Date of birth: Tuesday, 29th Apr 2003 (Age 21)
Star sign: Taurus
Nationality: ARAB
Ethnicity: Caucasian
Social class: Upper class
Religion: CHRISTIAN
Sexuality: Straight
Education: Masters / doctorate
Course: Philosophy, politics and economics
Political views: Centre
Relationship status: In a relationship with Tammy Shane Walsh
Career path: Politics
Physical characteristics
Height: average
Shape: very underweight
Build: fine build
Hair colour: GREEM (naturally grey)
Eyes: green
Face shape: oval
Glasses/lenses: contact lenses
Distinguishing marks: none
Other words that might be used: GREEM-haired, average, fair, moderate, normal, ordinary, slim
Personality
Positive characteristics: SMART, SMARTER
Negative characteristics: FAST, FASTER
Words often used: FAST, FASTER, SMART, SMARTER
Other words that might be used: FAST, FASTER, SMART, SMARTER, accelerated, accelerating, astute, barred, bright, cagey, cagy, canny, chic, clever, constant, dapper, dashing, degenerate, dissipated, dissolute, educated, enlightened, faithful, fashionable, firm, fixed, fresh, hot, hurried, hurrying, immediate, immoral, impertinent, impudent, informed, instant, instantaneous, instructed, intelligent, jaunty, knowing, knowledgeable, learned, lettered, literate, loyal, meteoric, natty, numerate, presto, profligate, prompt, quick, raffish, rakish, rapid, saucy, schooled, self-educated, semiliterate, sharp, shrewd, smooth, snappy, speedy, stylish, swift, taught, tight, true, tutored, vivace, voguish, well-educated, well-read
Moral: sometimes
Stable: sometimes
Loyal: very
Generous: not at all
Extrovert: sometimes
Compassionate: sometimes
IQ: 114
Hobbies: planking, stealing candy from babies, checking news stories against Snopes, golf, baking, worship, meditation, theatre
Obsessions: zombies
Diet eats meat
Favourite foods: blueberry muffins, suet pudding
Employment
Part time local activist The Centre Party 2021 - 2024 resigned
Town counsellor The Centre Party 2024 - present
Background
Early years JOHH grew up in a wealthy neighbourhood. He was raised in a happy family home with two loving parents.
Formative years JOHH got is first job as a part time local activist at age 18
JOHH went to univeristy and got a degree then stayed on for a post-graduate qualification.
Relationships
Current Partner
Tammy Shane Walsh
(Lifespan: 2003 - present)
Relation Girlfriend (2024 - present)
Occupation Sales assistant
Age 21
Relationship They get on well but lack chemistry
Friends
Kian Tom Cooper
(Lifespan: 2003 - present)
Relation Friend
Occupation Lab assistant
Age 21
Relationship They have a very firey friendship
Alyssa Nancy Reid
(Lifespan: 2001 - present)
Relation Friend
Occupation Kitchen assistant
Age 23
Relationship They are inseparable
Debra Dorothy Powell
(Lifespan: 2000 - present)
Relation Friend
Occupation Receptionist
Age 24
Relationship They have a very firey friendship
Parents
Opal Heather JAMESON (née Brooks)
(Lifespan: 1977 - present)
Relation Mother
Occupation Lawyer
Age 47
Relationship Generally harmonious.
Oliver Harold JAMESON
(Lifespan: 1979 - present)
Relation Father
Occupation Politician
Age 45
Relationship Generally harmonious.
Siblings
Elle Genevieve JAMESON
(Lifespan: 2001 - present)
Relation Sister
Occupation Artist
Age 22
Relationship They are inseparable.
Elliott Hayley JAMESON
(Lifespan: 2006 - present)
Relation Sister
Occupation Junior manager
Age 18
Relationship They are not particularly close.
Former Partners
Dana Constance Gonzales
(Lifespan: 2005 - present)
Relation Ex-girlfriend (2 years : 2021 - 2023)
Occupation Sales assistant
Reason for breakup Dana felt JOHH was too secretive, leading to trust issues
Age 19
Relationship Remained friends
Political Views
Abortion: pro
Racial equality: pro
LGBTQ rights: undecided
Subsidised healthcare: undecided
Gun control: very pro
Nuclear disarmament: against
Death penalty: very against
Tax cuts for the wealthy: pro
Protecting the environment: pro
Timeline
2003 Age 0 JOHH JAMESON is born
2006 Age 3 Sister, Elliott Hayley JAMESON is born
2021 Age 18 Gets together with Dana Constance Gonzales.
Starts work at The Centre Party at part time local activist
2023 Age 20 Relationship with Dana Constance Gonzales ends (Dana felt JOHH was too secretive, leading to trust issues).
2024 Age 21 Gets together with Tammy Shane Walsh.
Resigns from job as part time local activist at The Centre Party
Starts work at The Centre Party at town counsellor
2024-04-23 Present Day
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Sacred-Texts Esoteric Index Previous Next
Epistle to Henry II
EPISTLE TO HENRY II
TO THE MOST INVINCIBLE MOST POWERFUL AND MOST CHRISTIAN HENRY, KING OF FRANCE THE SECOND: MICHEL NOSTRADAMUS, HIS VERY HUMBLE AND VERY OBEDIENT SERVANT AND SUBJECT, WISHES VICTORY AND HAPPINESS
Ever since my long-beclouded face first presented itself before the immeasurable deity of your Majesty, O Most Christian and Most Victorious King, I have remained perpetually dazzled by that sovereign sight. I have never ceased to honor and venerate properly that date when I presented myself before a Majesty so singular and so humane. I have searched for some occasion on which to manifest high heart and stout courage, and thereby obtain even greater recognition of Your Most Serene Majesty. But I saw how obviously impossible it was for me to declare myself.
While I was seized with this singular desire to be transported suddenly from my long-beclouded obscurity to the illuminating presence of the first monarch of the universe, I was also long in doubt as to whom I would dedicate these last three Centuries of my prophecies, making up the thousand. After having meditated for a long time on an act of such rash audacity, I have ventured to address Your Majesty. I have not been daunted like those mentioned by that most grave author Plutarch, in his Life of Lycurgus, who were so astounded at the expense of the offerings and gifts brought as sacrifices to the temples of the immortal gods of that age, that they did not dare to present anything at all. Seeing your royal splendor to be accompanied by such an incomparable humanity, I have paid my address to it and not as those Kings of Persia whom one could neither stand before nor approach.
It is to a most prudent and most wise Prince that I have dedicated my nocturnal and prophetic calculations, which are composed rather out of a natural instinct, accompanied by a poetic furor, than according to the strict rules of poetry. Most of them have been integrated with astronomical calculations corresponding to the years, months and weeks of the regions, countries and most of the towns and cities of all Europe, including Africa and part of Asia, where most of all these coming events are to transpire. They are composed in a natural manner.
Indeed, someone, who would do well to blow his nose, may reply that the rhythm is as easy as the sense is difficult. That, O Most Humane king, is because most of the prophetic quatrains are so ticklish that there is no making way through them, nor is there any interpreting of them.
Nevertheless, I wanted to leave a record in writing of the years, towns, cities and regions in which most of the events will come to pass, even those of the year 1585 and of the year 1606, reckoning from the present time, which is March 14, 1557, and going far beyond to the events which will take place at the beginning of the seventh millenary, when, so far as my profound astronomical calculations and other knowledge have been able to make out, the adversaries of Jesus Christ and his Church will begin to multiply greatly.
I have calculated and composed all during choice hours of well-disposed days, and as accurately as I could, all when Minerva was free and not unfavorable. I have made computations for events over almost as long a period to come as that which has already passed, and by these they will know in all regions what is to happen in the course of time, just as it is written, with nothing superfluous added, although some may say, There can be no truth entirely determined concerning the future.
It is quite true, Sire, that my natural instinct has been inherited from my forebears, who did not believe in predicting, and that this is natural instinct has been adjusted and integrated with long calculations. At the same time, I freed my soul, mind and heart of all care, solicitude and vexation. All of these prerequisites for presaging I achieved in part by means of the brazen tripod.
There are some who would attribute to me that which is not mine at all. The eternal God alone, who is the thorough searcher of humane hearts, pious, just and merciful, is the true judge, and it is to him I pray to defend me from the calumny of evil men. These evil ones, in their slanderous way, would likewise want to inquire how all your most ancient progenitors, the Kings of France, have cured the scrofula, how those of other nations have cured the bite of snakes, how those of yet other nations have had a certain instinct for the art of divination and still others which would be too long to recite here.
Notwithstanding those who cannot contain the malignity of the evil spirit, as time elapses after my death, my writings will have more weight than during my lifetime. Should I, however, have made any errors in my calculation of dates, or prove unable to please everybody, I beg that your more than Imperial Majesty will forgive me. I protest before God and his Saints that I do not propose to insert any writings in this present Epistle that will be contrary to the true Catholic faith, whilst consulting the astronomical calculations to the best of my ability.
Such is the extent of time past, subject to correction by the most learned judgment, that the first man, Adam, came 1,242 years before Noah (not reckoning by such Gentile calculations as Varro used, but simply by the Holy Scriptures, as best my weak understanding and astronomical calculations can interpret them.) About 1,080 years after Noah and the universal flood came Abraham, who, according to some, was a first-rate astrologer and invented the Chaldean alphabet. About 515 or 516 years later came Moses, and from his time to that of David about 570 years elapsed. From the time of David to that of out Savior and Redeemer, Jesus Christ, born of the unique Virgin, 1,350 year elapsed, according to some chronographs. Some may object that this calculation cannot be true, because it differs from that of Eusebius. From the time of the human redemption to the detestable heresy of the Saracens about 621 years elapsed. From this one can easily add up the amount of time gone by.
Although my calculations may not hold good for all nations, they have, however, been determined by the celestial movements, combined with the emotion, handed down to me by my forebears, which comes over me at certain hours. But the danger of the times, O Most Serene King, requires that such secrets should not be bared except in enigmatic sentences having, however, only one sense and meaning, and nothing ambiguous or amphibological inserted. Rather they are under a cloudy obscurity, with a natural infusion not unlike the creation of the world, according to the calculation and Punic Chronicle of Joel: I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh and your sons and daughters will prophesy. But such Prophecy proceeded from the mouth of the Holy Ghost who was the sovereign and eternal power, together with the heavens, and caused some of them to predict great and marvelous events.
As for myself, I would never claim such a title, never, please God. I readily admit that all proceeds from God and render to Him thanks, honor and immortal praise. I have mixed therewith no divination coming from fate. All from God and nature, and for the most part integrated with celestial movements. It is much like seeing in a burning mirror, with clouded vision, the great events, sad, prodigious and calamitous events that in due time will fall upon the principal worshippers. First, upon the temples of God; secondly, upon those who, sustained by the earth, approach such a decadence. Also a thousand other calamitous events which will be known to happen in due time.
For God will take notice of the long barrenness of the great dame, who thereupon will conceive two principal children. But she will be in danger, and the female to whom she will have given birth will also, because of the temerity of the age, be in danger of death in her eighteenth year, and will be unable to live beyond her thirty-sixth year. She will leave three males, and one female, and of these two will not have had the same father.
There will be great differences between the three brothers, and then there will be such great cooperation and agreement between them that the three and four parts of Europe will tremble. The youngest of them will sustain and augment the Christian monarchy, and under him sects will be elevated, and suddenly cast down, Arabs will be driven back, kingdoms united and new laws promulgated.
The oldest one will rule the land whose escutcheon is that of the furious crowned lions with their paws resting upon intrepid arms.
The one second in age, accompanied by the Latins, will penetrate far, until a second furious and trembling path has been beaten to the Great St. Bernard Pass. From there he will descend to mount the Pyrenees, which will not, however, be transferred to the French crown. And this third one will cause a great inundation of human blood, and for a long time Lent will not include March.
The daughter will be given for the preservation of the Christian Church. Her lord will fall into the pagan sect of the new infidels. Of her two children, one will be faithful to the Catholic Church, the other an infidel.
The unfaithful son, who, to his great confusion and later repentance, will want to ruin her, will have three widely scattered regions, namely, the Roman, Germany and Spain, which will set up diverse sects by armed force. The 50th to the 52th degree of latitude will be left behind.
And all will render the homage of ancient religions to the region of Europe north of the 48th parallel. The latter will have trembled first in vain timidity but afterwards the regions to its west, south and east will tremble. But the nature of their power will be such that what has been brought about by concord and union will prove insuperable by warlike conquests.
In nature they will be equal, but very different in faith.
After this the barren Dame, of greater power than the second, will be received by two of the nations. First, by them made obstinate by the onetime masters of the universe. Second, by the latter themselves.
The third people will extend their forces towards the circuit of the East of Europe where, in the Pannonias, they will be overwhelmed and slaughtered. By sea they will extend their Myrmidons and Germans to Adriatic Sicily. But they will succumb wholly and the Barbarian sect will be greatly afflicted and driven out by all the Latins.
Then the great Empire of the Antichrist will begin where once was Attila's empire and the new Xerxes will descend with great and countless numbers, so that the coming of the Holy Ghost, proceeding from the 48th degree, will make a transmigration, chasing out the abomination of the Christian Church, and whose reign will be for a time and to the end of time.
This will be preceded by a solar eclipse more dark and gloomy than any since the creation of the world, except that after the death and passion of Jesus Christ. And it will be in the month of October than the great translation will be made and it will be such that one will think the gravity of the earth has lost its natural movement and that it is to be plunged into the abyss of perpetual darkness.
In the spring there will be omens, and thereafter extreme changes, reversals of realms and mighty earthquakes. These will be accompanied by the procreation of the new Babylon, miserable daughter enlarged by the abomination of the first holocaust. It will last for only seventy-three years and seven months.
Then there will issue from the stock which had remained barren for so long, proceeding from the 50th degree, one who will renew the whole Christian Church. A great place will be established, with union and concord between some of the children of opposite ideas, who have been separated by diverse realms. And such will be the peace that the instigator and promoter of military factions, born of the diversity of religions, will remain chained to the deepest pit. And the kingdom of the Furious One, who counterfeits the sage, will be united.
The countries, towns, cities, realms and provinces which will have abandoned their old customs to gain liberty, but which will in fact have enthralled themselves even more, will secretly have wearied of their liberty. Faith lost in their perfect religion, they will begin to strike to the left, only to return to the right. Holiness, for a long time overcome, will be replaced in accordance with the earliest writings.
Thereafter the great dog, the biggest of curs, will go forth and destroy all, the same old crimes being perpetrated again. Temples will be set up again as in ancient times, and the priest will be restored to his original position and he will begin his whoring and luxury, and will commit a thousand crimes.
At the eve of another desolation, when she is atop her most high and sublime dignity, some potentates and warlords will confront her, and take away her two swords, and leave her only the insignia, whose curvature attracts them. The people will make him go to the right and will not wish to submit themselves to those of the opposite extreme with the hand in acute position, who touch the ground, and want to drive spurs into them.
The people of the world from this benevolent slavery to which they had voluntary submitted. He will put himself under the protection of Mars, stripping Jupiter of all his honors and dignities, and establish himself in the free city in another scant Mesopotamia. The chief and governor will be cast out from the middle and hung up, ignorant of the conspiracy of one of the conspirators with the second Thrasibulus, who for a long time will have directed all this.
Then the impurities and abominations, with a great shame, will be brought out and manifested in the shadows of the veiled light, and will cease towards the end of the change in reign. The chiefs of the Church will be backward in the love of God, and several of them will apostatize from the true faith. Of the three sects, that which is in the middle, because of its own partisans, will be thrown a bit into decadence. The first one will be exterminated throughout all Europe and most of Africa by the third one, making use of the poor in spirit who, led by madmen to libidinous luxury, will adulterate.
The supporting common people will rise up and chase out the adherents of the legislators. From the way realms will have been weakened by the Easterners, it will seem that God the Creator has loosed Satan from the prisons of hell to give birth to the great Dog and Dogam, who will make such an abominable breach in the Churches that neither the reds nor the whites without eyes or hands will know what to make of it, and their power will be taken from them.
Then will commence a persecution of the Churches the like of which was never seen. Meanwhile, such a plague will arise that more than two thirds of the world will be removed. One will be unable to ascertain the true owners of fields and houses, and weeds growing in the streets of cities will rise higher than the knees. For the clergy there will be but utter desolation. The warlords will usurp what is returned from the City of the Sun, from Malta and the Isles of Hyhres. The great chain of the port which wakes its name from the marine ox will be opened.
And a new incursion will be made by the maritime shores, wishing to deliver the Sierra Morea from the first Mahometan recapture. Their assaults will not all be in vain, and the place which was once the abode of Abraham will be assaulted by persons who hold the Jovialists in veneration. And this city of "Achem" will be surrounded and assailed on all sides by a most powerful force of warriors. Their maritime forces will be weakened by the Westerners, and great desolation will fall upon this realm. Its greatest cities will be depopulated and those who enter will fall under the vengeance of the wrath of God.
The sepulcher, for long an object of such great veneration, will remain in the open, exposed to the sight of the heavens, the Sun and the Moon. The holy place will be converted into a stable for a herd large and small, and used for profane purposes. Oh, what a calamitous affliction will pregnant women bear at this time.
For hereupon the principal Eastern chief will be vanquished by the Northerners and Westerners, and most of his people, stirred up, will be put to death, overwhelmed or scattered. His children, offspring of many women, will be imprisoned. Then will be accomplished the prophecy of the Royal Prophet, Let him hear the groaning of the captives, that he might deliver the children of those doomed to die.
What great oppression will then fall upon the Princes and Governors of Kingdoms, especially those which will be maritime and Eastern, whose tongues will be intermingled with all others: the tongue of the Latins, and of the Arabs, via the Phoenicians. And all these Eastern Kings will be chased, overthrown and exterminated, but not altogether, by means of the forces of the Kings of the North, and because of the drawing near of our age through the three secretly united in the search for death, treacherously laying traps for one another. This renewed Triumvirate will last for seven years, and the renown of this sect will extend around the world. The sacrifice of the hole and immaculate Wafer will be sustained.
Then the Lords of "Aquilon" [the North], two in number, will be victorious over the Easterners, and so great a noise and bellicose tumult will they make amongst them that all the East will tremble in terror of these brothers, yet not brothers, of "Aquilon" [the North].
By this discourse, Sire, I present these predictions almost with confusion, especially as to when they will take place. Furthermore, the chronology of time which follows conforms very little, if at all, with that which has already been set forth. Yet it was determined by astronomy and other sources, including Holy Scriptures, and thus could not err. If I had wanted to date each quatrain, I could have done so. But this would not have been agreeable to all, least of all to those interpreting them, and was not to be done until Your Majesty granted me full power to do so, lest calumniators be furnished with an opportunity to injure me.
Anyhow, I count the years from the creation of the world to the birth of Noah as 1,506, and from the birth of Noah to the completion of the Ark, at the time of the universal deluge, as 600 (let the years be solar, or lunar, or a mixture of the ten) I hold that the Sacred Scriptures use solar years. And at the end of these 600 years, Noah entered the Ark to be saved from the deluge. This deluge was universal, and lasted one year and two months. And 295 years elapsed from the end of the flood to the birth of Abraham, and 100 from then till the birth of Isaac. And 60 years later Jacob was born. 130 years elapsed between the time he entered Egypt and the time he came out. Between the entry of Jacob into Egypt and the exodus, 430 years passed. From the exodus to the building of the Temple by Solomon in the fourth year of his reign, 480 years. According to the calculations of the Sacred Writings, it was 490 years from the building of the Temple to the time of Jesus Christ. Thus, this calculation of mine, collected from the holy writ, comes to about 4,173 years and 8 months, more or less. Because there is such a diversity of sects, I will not go beyond Jesus Christ.
I have calculated the present prophecies according to the order of the chain which contains its revolution, all by astronomical doctrine modified by my natural instinct. After a while, I found the time when Saturn turns to enter on April 7 till August 25, Jupiter on June 14 till October 7, Mars from April 17 to June 22, Venus from April 9 to May 22, Mercury from February 3 to February 24. After that, from June 1 to June 24, and from September 25 to October 16, Saturn in Capricorn, Jupiter in Aquarius, Mars in Scorpio, Venus in Pisces, Mercury for a month in Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces, the Moon in Aquarius, the Dragon's head in Libra: its tail in opposition following a conjunction of Jupiter and Mercury with a quadrature of Mars and Mercury, and the Dragon's head coinciding with a conjunction of the Sun and Jupiter. And the year without an eclipse peaceful.
But not everywhere. It will mark the commencement of what will long endure. For beginning with this year the Christian Church will be persecuted more fiercely than it ever was in Africa, and this will last up to the year 1792, which they will believe to mark a renewal of time.
After this the Roman people will begin to re-establish themselves, chasing away some obscure shadows and recovering a bit of their ancient glory. But this will not be without great division and continual changes. Thereafter Venice will raise its wings very high in great force and power, not far short of the might of ancient Rome.
At that time the great sails of Byzantium, allied with the Ligurians and through the support and power of "Aquilon" [the Northern Realm], will impede them so greatly that the two Cretans will be unable to maintain their faith. The arks built by the Warriors of ancient times will accompany them to the waves of Neptune. In the Adriatic great discord will arise, and that which will have been united will be separated. To a house will be reduced that which was, and is, a great city, including "Pampotamia" and "Mesopotamia" of Europe at 45, and others of 41, 42 and 37 degrees.
It will be at this time and in these countries that the infernal power will set the power of its adversaries against the Church of Jesus Christ. This will constitute of the second Antichrist, who will persecute that Church and its true Vicar, by means of the power of three temporal kings who in their ignorance will be seduced by tongues which, in the hands of the madmen, will cut more than any sword.
The said reign of the Antichrist will last only to the death of him who was born at the beginning of the age and of the other one of Lyon, associated with the elected one of the House of Modena and of Ferrara, maintained by the Adriatic Ligurians and the proximity of great Sicily. Then the Great St. Bernard will be passed.
The Gallic Ogmios will be accompanied by so great a number that the Empire of his great law will extend very far. For some time thereafter the blood of the Innocent will be shed profusely by the recently elevated guilty ones. Then, because of great floods, the memory of things contained in these instruments will suffer incalculable loss, even letters. This will happen to the "Aquiloners" [the Northern People] by the will of God.
Once again Satan will be bound, universal peace will be established among men, and the Church of Jesus Christ will be delivered from all tribulations, although the Philistines would like to mix in the honey of malice and their pestilent seduction. This will be near the seventh millenary, when the sanctuary of Jesus Christ will no longer be trodden down by the infidels who come from "Aquilon" [the North]. The world will be approaching a great conflagration, although, according to my calculations in my prophecies, the course of time runs much further.
In the Epistle that some years ago I dedicated to my son, Cisar Nostradamus, I declared some points openly enough, without presage. But here, Sire, are included several great and marvelous events which those to come after will see.
During this astrological supputation, harmonized with the Holy Scriptures, the persecution of the Ecclesiastical folk will have its origin in the power of the Kings of "Aquilon" [the North], united with the Easterners. This persecution will last for eleven years, or somewhat less, for then the chief King of "Aquilon" will fall.
Thereupon the same thing will occur in the South, where for the space of three years the Church people will be persecuted even more fiercely through the Apostatic seduction of one who will hold all the absolute power in the Church militant. The hole people of God, the observer of his law, will be persecuted fiercely and such will be their affliction that the blood of the true Ecclesiastics will flow everywhere.
One of the horrible temporal Kings will be told by his adherents, as the ultimate in praise, that he has shed more of human blood of Innocent Ecclesiastics than anyone else could have spilled of wine. This King will commit incredible crimes against the Church. Human blood will flow in the public streets and temples, like water after an impetuous rain, coloring the nearby rivers red with blood. The ocean itself will be reddened by another naval battle, such that one king will say to another, Naval battles have caused the sea to blush.
Then, in this same year, and in those following, there will ensue the most horrible pestilence, made more stupendous by the famine which will have preceded it. Such great tribulations will never have occurred since the first foundation of the Christian Church. It will cover all Latin regions, and will leave traces in some countries of the Spanish.
Thereupon the third King of "Aquilon" [the North], hearing the lament of the people of his principal title, will raise a very mighty army and, defying the tradition of his predecessors, will put almost everything back in its proper place, and the great Vicar of the hood will be put back in his former state. But desolated, and then abandoned by all, he will turn to find the Holy of Holies destroyed by paganism, and the old and new Testaments thrown out and burned.
After that Antichrist will be the infernal prince again, for the last time. All the Kingdoms of Christianity will tremble, even those of the infidels, for the space of twenty-five years. Wars and battles will be more grievous and towns, cities, castles and all other edifices will be burned, desolated and destroyed, with great effusion of vestal blood, violations of married woman and widows, and sucking children dashed and broken against the walls of towns. By means of Satan, Prince Infernal, so may evils will be committed that nearly all the world will find itself undone and desolated. Before these events, some rare birds will cry in the air: Hui, Hui [Today, today] and some time later will vanish.
After this has endured for a long time, there will be almost renewed another reign of Saturn, and golden age. Hearing the affliction of his people, God the Creator will command that Satan be cast into the depths of the bottomless pit, and bound there. Then a universal peace will commence between God and man, and Satan will remain bound for around a thousand years, and then all unbound.
All these figures represent the just integration of Holy Scriptures with visible celestial bodies, namely, Saturn, Jupiter, Mars and others conjoined, as can be seen at more length in some of the quatrains. I would have calculated more profoundly and integrated them even further, Most Serene King, but for the fact that some given to censure would raise difficulties. Therefore I withdraw my pen and seek nocturnal repose.
Many events, most powerful of all Kings, of the most astounding sort are to transpire soon, but I neither could nor would fit them all into this epistle; but in order to comprehend certain horrible facts, a few must be set forth. So great is your grandeur and humanity before men, and your piety before the gods, that you alone seem worthy of the great title of the Most Christian King, and to whom the highest authority in all religion should be deferred.
But I shall only beseech you, Most Clement King, by this singular and prudent humanity of yours, to understand rather the desire of my heart, and the sovereign wish I have to obey Your Most Serene Majesty, ever since my eyes approached your solar splendor, than the grandeur of my labor can attain to or acquire. From Salon, this 27th of June, 1558.
Done by Michel Nostradamus at Salon-de-Crau in Provence.
Next: Century VIII
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Post by mahdirannabiran18 on Apr 23, 2024 7:38:19 GMT 11
Sacred-Texts Esoteric Index Previous Next
Century I
1
Sitting alone at night in secret study;
it is placed on the brass tripod.
A slight flame comes out of the emptiness and
makes successful that which should not be believed in vain.
2
The wand in the hand is placed in the middle of the tripod's legs.
With water he sprinkles both the hem of his garment and his foot.
A voice, fear: he trembles in his robes.
Divine splendor; the God sits nearby.
3
When the litters are overturned by the whirlwind
and faces are covered by cloaks,
the new republic will be troubled by its people.
At this time the reds and the whites will rule wrongly.
4
In the world there will be made a king
who will have little peace and a short life.
At this time the ship of the Papacy will be lost,
governed to its greatest detriment.
5
They will be driven away for a long drawn out fight.
The countryside will be most grievously troubled.
Town and country will have greater struggle.
Carcassonne and Narbonne will have their hearts tried.
6
The eye of Ravenna will be forsaken,
when his wings will fail at his feet.
The two of Bresse will have made a constitution
for Turin and Vercelli, which the French will trample underfoot
7
Arrived too late, the act has been done.
The wind was against them, letters intercepted on their way.
The conspirators were fourteen of a party.
By Rousseau shall these enterprises be undertaken.
8
How often will you be captured, O city of the sun ?
Changing laws that are barbaric and vain.
Bad times approach you. No longer will you be enslaved.
Great Hadrie will revive your veins.
9
From the Orient will come the African heart
to trouble Hadrie and the heirs of Romulus.
Accompanied by the Libyan fleet
the temples of Malta and nearby islands shall be deserted.
10
A coffin is put into the vault of iron,
where seven children of the king are held.
The ancestors and forebears will come forth from the depths of hell,
lamenting to see thus dead the fruit of their line.
11
The motion of senses, heart, feet and hands
will be in agreement between Naples, Lyon and Sicily.
Swords fire, floods, then the noble Romans drowned,
killed or dead because of a weak brain.
12
There will soon be talk of a treacherous man, who rules a short time,
quickly raised from low to high estate.
He will suddenly turn disloyal and volatile.
This man will govern Verona.
13
Through anger and internal hatreds, the exiles
will hatch a great plot against the king.
Secretly they will place enemies as a threat,
and his own old (adherents) will find sedition against them.
14
From the enslaved populace, songs, chants and demands,
while Princes and Lords are held captive in prisons.
These will in the future by headless idiots
be received as divine prayers
15
.Mars threatens us with the force of war
and will cause blood to be spilt seventy times.
The clergy will be both exalted and reviled moreover,
by those who wish to learn nothing of them.
16
A scythe joined with a pond in Sagittarius
at its highest ascendant.
Plague, famine, death from military hands;
the century approaches its renewal.
17
For forty years the rainbow will not be seen.
For forty years it will be seen every day.
The dry earth will grow more parched,
and there will be great floods when it is seen.
18
Because of French discord and negligence
an opening shall be given to the Mohammedans.
The land and sea of Siena will be soaked in blood,
and the port of Marseilles covered with ships and sails.
19
When the snakes surround the altar,
and the Trojan blood is troubled by the Spanish.
Because of them, a great number will be lessened.
The leader flees, hidden in the swampy marshes.
20
The cities of Tours, Orleans, Blois, Angers, Reims and Nantes
are troubled by sudden change.
Tents will be pitched by (people) of foreign tongues;
rivers, darts at Rennes, shaking of land and sea.
21
The rock holds in its depths white clay
which will come out milk-white from a cleft
Needlessly troubled people will not dare touch it,
unaware that the foundation of the earth is of clay.
22
A thing existing without any senses
will cause its own end to happen through artifice.
At Autun, Chalan, Langres and the two Sens
there will be great damage from hail and ice.
23
In the third month, at sunrise,
the Boar and the Leopard meet on the battlefield.
The fatigued Leopard looks up to heaven
and sees an eagle playing around the sun.
24
At the New City he is thoughtful to condemn;
the bird of prey offers himself to the Gods.
After victory he pardons his captives.
At Cremona and Mantua great hardships will be suffered.
25
The lost thing is discovered, hidden for many centuries.
Pasteur will be celebrated almost as a God-like figure.
This is when the moon completes her great cycle,
but by other rumors he shall be dishonored.
26
The great man will be struck down in the day by a thunderbolt.
An evil deed, foretold by the bearer of a petition.
According to the prediction another falls at night time.
Conflict at Reims, London, and pestilence in Tuscany.
27
Beneath the oak tree of Gienne, struck by lightning,
the treasure is hidden not far from there.
That which for many centuries had been gathered,
when found, a man will die, his eye pierced by a spring.
28
Tobruk will fear the barbarian fleet for a time,
then much later the Western fleet.
Cattle, people, possessions, all will be quite lost.
What a deadly combat in Taurus and Libra.
29
When the fish that travels over both land and sea
is cast up on to the shore by a great wave,
its shape foreign, smooth and frightful.
From the sea the enemies soon reach the walls.
30
Because of the storm at sea the foreign ship
will approach an unknown port.
Notwithstanding the signs of the palm branches,
afterwards there is death and pillage. Good advice comes too late.
31
The wars in France will last for so many years
beyond the reign of the Castulon kings.
An uncertain victory will crown three great ones,
the Eagle, the Cock, the Moon, the Lion, the Sun in its house.
32
The great Empire will soon be exchanged
for a small place, which soon will begin to grow.
A small place of tiny area
in the middle of which he will come to lay down his scepter.
33
Near a great bridge near a spacious plain
the great lion with the Imperial forces
will cause a falling outside the austere city.
Through fear the gates will be unlocked for him.
34
The bird of prey flying to the left,
before battle is joined with the French, he makes preparations.
Some will regard him as good, others bad or uncertain.
The weaker party will regard him as a good omen.
35
The young lion will overcome the older one,
in a field of combat in single fight:
He will pierce his eyes in their golden cage;
two wounds in one, then he dies a cruel death.
36
Too late the king will repent
that he did not put his adversary to death.
But he will soon come to agree to far greater things
which will cause all his line to die.
37
Shortly before sun set, battle is engaged.
A great nation is uncertain.
Overcome, the sea port makes no answer,
the bridge and the grave both in foreign places.
38
The Sun and the Eagle will appear to the victor.
An empty answer assured to the defeated.
Neither bugle nor shouts will stop the soldiers.
Liberty and peace, if achieved in time through death.
39
At night the last one will be strangled in his bed
because he became too involved with the blond heir elect.
The Empire is enslaved and three men substituted.
He is put to death with neither letter nor packet read.
40
The false trumpet concealing madness
will cause Byzantium to change its laws.
From Egypt there will go forth a man who wants
the edict withdrawn, changing money and standards.
41
The city is besieged and assaulted by night;
few have escaped; a battle not far from the sea.
A woman faints with joy at the return of her son,
poison in the folds of the hidden letters.
42
The tenth day of the April Calends, calculated in Gothic fashion
is revived again by wicked people.
The fire is put out and the diabolic gathering
seek the bones of the demon of Psellus.
43
Before the Empire changes
a very wonderful event will take place.
The field moved, the pillar of porphyry
put in place, changed on the gnarled rock.
44
In a short time sacrifices will be resumed,
those opposed will be put (to death) like martyrs.
The will no longer be monks, abbots or novices.
Honey shall be far more expensive than wax.
45
A founder of sects, much trouble for the accuser:
A beast in the theater prepares the scene and plot.
The author ennobled by acts of older times;
the world is confused by schismatic sects.
46
Very near Auch, Lectoure and Mirande
a great fire will fall from the sky for three nights.
The cause will appear both stupefying and marvelous;
shortly afterwards there will be an earthquake.
47
The speeches of Lake Leman will become angered,
the days will drag out into weeks,
then months, then years, then all will fail.
The authorities will condemn their useless powers.
48
When twenty years of the Moon's reign have passed
another will take up his reign for seven thousand years.
When the exhausted Sun takes up his cycle
then my prophecy and threats will be accomplished.
49
Long before these happenings
the people of the East, influenced by the Moon,
in the year 1700 will cause many to be carried away,
and will almost subdue the Northern area.
50
From the three water signs will be born a man
who will celebrate Thursday as his holiday.
His renown, praise, rule and power will grow
on land and sea, bringing trouble to the East.
51
The head of Aries, Jupiter and Saturn.
Eternal God, what changes !
Then the bad times will return again after a long century;
what turmoil in France and Italy.
52
Two evil influences in conjunction in Scorpio.
The great lord is murdered in his room.
A newly appointed king persecutes the Church,
the lower (parts of) Europe and in the North.
53
Alas, how we will see a great nation sorely troubled
and the holy law in utter ruin.
Christianity (governed) throughout by other laws,
when a new source of gold and silver is discovered.
54
Two revolutions will be caused by the evil scythe bearer
making a change of reign and centuries.
The mobile sign thus moves into its house:
Equal in favor to both sides.
55
In the land with a climate opposite to Babylon
there will be great shedding of blood.
Heaven will seem unjust both on land and sea and in the air.
Sects, famine, kingdoms, plagues, confusion.
56
Sooner and later you will see great changes made,
dreadful horrors and vengeances.
For as the moon is thus led by its angel
the heavens draw near to the Balance.
57
The trumpet shakes with great discord.
An agreement broken: lifting the face to heaven:
the bloody mouth will swim with blood;
the face anointed with milk and honey lies on the ground.
58
Through a slit in the belly a creature will be born with two heads
and four arms: it will survive for some few years.
The day that Alquiloie celebrates his festivals
Fossana, Turin and the ruler of Ferrara will follow.
59
The exiles deported to the islands
at the advent of an even more cruel king
will be murdered. Two will be burnt
who were not sparing in their speech.
60
An Emperor will be born near Italy,
who will cost the Empire very dearly.
They will say, when they see his allies,
that he is less a prince than a butcher.
61
The wretched, unfortunate republic
will again be ruined by a new authority.
The great amount of ill will accumulated in exile
will make the Swiss break their important agreement.
62
Alas! what a great loss there will be to learning
before the cycle of the Moon is completed.
Fire, great floods, by more ignorant rulers;
how long the centuries until it is seen to be restored.
63
Pestilences extinguished, the world becomes smaller,
for a long time the lands will be inhabited peacefully.
People will travel safely through the sky (over) land and seas:
then wars will start up again.
64
At night they will think they have seen the sun,
when the see the half pig man:
Noise, screams, battles seen fought in the skies.
The brute beasts will be heard to speak.
65
A child without hands, never so great a thunderbolt seen,
the royal child wounded at a game of tennis.
At the well lightning strikes, joining together
three trussed up in the middle under the oaks.
66
He who then carries the news,
after a short while will (stop) to breathe:
Viviers, Tournon, Montferrand and Praddelles;
hail and storms will make them grieve.
67
The great famine which I sense approaching
will often turn (in various areas) then become worldwide.
It will be so vast and long lasting that (they) will grab
roots from the trees and children from the breast.
68
O to what a dreadful and wretched torment
are three innocent people going to be delivered.
Poison suggested, badly guarded, betrayal.
Delivered up to horror by drunken executioners.
69
The great mountain, seven stadia round,
after peace, war, famine, flooding.
It will spread far, drowning great countries,
even antiquities and their mighty foundations.
70
Rain, famine and war will not cease in Persia;
too great a faith will betray the monarch.
Those (actions) started in France will end there,
a secret sign for on to be sparing.
71
The marine tower will be captured and retaken three times
by Spaniards, Barbarians and Ligurians.
Marseilles and Aix, Ales by men of Pisa,
devastation, fire, sword, pillage at Avignon by the Turinese.
72
The inhabitants of Marseilles completely changed,
fleeing and pursued as far as Lyons.
Narbonne, Toulouse angered by Bordeaux;
the killed and captive are almost one million.
73
France shall be accused of neglect by her five partners.
Tunis, Algiers stirred up by the Persians.
Leon, Seville and Barcelona having failed,
they will not have the fleet because of the Venetians.
74
After a rest they will travel to Epirus,
great help coming from around Antioch.
The curly haired king will strive greatly for the Empire,
the brazen beard will be roasted on a spit.
75
The tyrant of Siena will occupy Savona,
having won the fort he will restrain the marine fleet.
Two armies under the standard of Ancona:
the leader will examine them in fear.
76
The man will be called by a barbaric name
that three sisters will receive from destiny.
He will speak then to a great people in words and deeds,
more than any other man will have fame and renown.
77
A promontory stands between two seas:
A man who will die later by the bit of a horse;
Neptune unfurls a black sail for his man;
the fleet near Gibraltar and Rocheval.
78
To an old leader will be born an idiot heir,
weak both in knowledge and in war.
The leader of France is feared by his sister,
battlefields divided, conceded to the soldiers.
79
Bazas, Lectoure, Condom, Auch and Agen
are troubled by laws, disputes and monopolies.
Carcassone, Bordeaux, Toulouse and Bayonne will be ruined
when they wish to renew the massacre.
80
From the sixth bright celestial light
it will come to thunder very strongly in Burgundy.
Then a monster will be born of a very hideous beast:
In March, April, May and June great wounding and worrying.
81
Nine will be set apart from the human flock,
separated from judgment and advise.
Their fate is to be divided as they depart.
K. Th. L. dead, banished and scattered.
82
When the great wooden columns tremble
in the south wind, covered with blood.
Such a great assembly then pours forth
that Vienna and the land of Austria will tremble.
83
The alien nation will divide the spoils.
Saturn in dreadful aspect in Mars.
Dreadful and foreign to the Tuscans and Latins,
Greeks who will wish to strike.
84
The moon is obscured in deep gloom,
his brother becomes bright red in color.
The great one hidden for a long time in the shadows
will hold the blade in the bloody wound.
85
The king is troubled by the queen's reply.
Ambassadors will fear for their lives.
The greater of his brothers will doubly disguise his action,
two of them will die through anger, hatred and envy.
86
When the great queen sees herself conquered,
she will show an excess of masculine courage.
Naked, on horseback, she will pass over the river
pursued by the sword: she will have outraged her faith
87
Earthshaking fire from the center of the earth
will cause tremors around the New City.
Two great rocks will war for a long time,
then Arethusa will redden a new river.
88
The divine wrath overtakes the great Prince,
a short while before he will marry.
Both supporters and credit will suddenly diminish.
Counsel, he will die because of the shaven heads.
89
Those of Lerida will be in the Moselle,
kill all those from the Loire and Seine.
The seaside track will come near the high valley,
when the Spanish open every route.
90
Bordeaux and Poitiers at the sound of the bell
will go with a great fleet as fast as Langon.
A great rage will surge up against the French,
when a hideous monster is born near Orgon.
91
The Gods will make it appear to mankind
that they are the authors of a great war.
Before the sky was seen to bee free of weapons and rockets:
the greatest damage will be inflicted on the left.
92
Under one man peace will be proclaimed everywhere,
but not long after will be looting and rebellion.
Because of a refusal, town, land and see will be broached.
About a third of a million dead or captured.
93
The Italian lands near the mountains will tremble.
The Cock and the Lion not strongly united.
In place of fear they will help each other.
Freedom alone moderates the French.
94
The tyrant Selim will be put to death at the harbor
but Liberty will not be regained, however.
A new war arises from vengeance and remorse.
A lady is honored through force of terror.
95
In front of a monastery will be found a twin infant
from the illustrious and ancient line of a monk.
His fame, renown and power through sects and speech
is such that they will say the living twin is deservedly chosen.
96
A man will be charged with the destruction
of temples and sects, altered by fantasy.
He will harm the rocks rather than the living,
ears filled with ornate speeches.
97
That which neither weapon nor flame could accomplish
will be achieved by a sweet speaking tongue in council.
Sleeping, in a dream, the king will see
the enemy not in war or of military blood.
98
The leader who will conduct great numbers of people
far from their skies, to foreign customs and language.
Five thousand will die in Crete and Thessaly,
the leader fleeing in a sea going supply ship.
99
The great king will join
with two kings, united in friendship.
How the great household will sigh:
around Narbon what pity for the children.
100
For a long time a gray bird will be seen in the sky
near Dôle and the lands of Tuscany.
He holds a flowering branch in his beak,
but he dies too soon and the war ends.
Next: Century II
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Post by mahdirannabiran18 on Apr 23, 2024 7:38:52 GMT 11
Sacred-Texts Esoteric Index Previous Next
Century II
1
Towards Aquitaine by the British Isles
By these themselves great incursions.
Rains, frosts will make the soil uneven,
Port Selyn will make mighty invasions
2
The blue head will inflict upon the white head
As much evil as France has done them good:
Dead at the sail-yard the great one hung on the branch.
When seized by his own the King will say how much.
3
Because of the solar heat on the sea
From Negrepont the fishes half cooked:
The inhabitants will come to cut them,
When food will fail in Rhodes and Genoa.
4
From Monaco to near Sicily
The entire coast will remain desolated:
There will remain there no suburb, city or town
Not pillaged and robbed by the Barbarians.
5
That which is enclosed in iron and letter in a fish,
Out will go one who will then make war,
He will have his fleet well rowed by sea,
Appearing near Latin land.
6
Near the gates and within two cities
There will be two scourges the like of which was never seen,
Famine within plague, people put out by steel,
Crying to the great immortal God for relief.
7
Amongst several transported to the isles,
One to be born with two teeth in his mouth
They will die of famine the trees stripped,
For them a new King issues a new edict.
8
Temples consecrated in the original Roman manner,
They will reject the excess foundations,
Taking their first and humane laws,
Chasing, though not entirely, the cult of saints.
9
Nine years the lean one will hold the realm in peace,
Then he will fall into a very bloody thirst:
Because of him a great people will die without faith and law
Killed by one far more good-natured.
10
Before long all will be set in order,
We will expect a very sinister century,
The state of the masked and solitary ones much changed,
Few will be found who want to be in their place.
11
The nearest son of the elder will attain
Very great height as far as the realm of the privileged:
Everyone will fear his fierce glory,
But his children will be thrown out of the realm.
12
Eyes closed, opened by antique fantasy,
The garb of the monks they will be put to naught:
The great monarch will chastise their frenzy,
Ravishing the treasure in front of the temples.
13
The body without soul no longer to be sacrificed:
Day of death put for birthday:
The divine spirit will make the soul happy,
Seeing the word in its eternity.
14
At Tours, Gien, guarded, eyes will be searching,
Discovering from afar her serene Highness:
She and her suite will enter the port,
Combat, thrust, sovereign power.
15
Shortly before the monarch is assassinated,
Castor and Pollux in the ship, bearded star:
The public treasure emptied by land and sea,
Pisa, Asti, Ferrara, Turin land under interdict.
16
Naples, Palermo, Sicily, Syracuse,
New tyrants, celestial lightning fires:
Force from London, Ghent, Brussels and Susa,
Great slaughter, triumph leads to festivities.
17
The field of the temple of the vestal virgin,
Not far from Elne and the Pyrenees mountains:
The great tube is hidden in the trunk.
To the north rivers overflown and vines battered.
18
New, impetuous and sudden rain
Will suddenly halt two armies.
Celestial stone, fires make the sea stony,
The death of seven by land and sea sudden.
19
Newcomers, place built without defense,
Place occupied then uninhabitable:
Meadows, houses, fields, towns to take at pleasure,
Famine, plague, war, extensive land arable.
20
Brothers and sisters captive in diverse places
Will find themselves passing near the monarch:
Contemplating them his branches attentive,
Displeasing to see the marks on chin, forehead and nose.
21
The ambassador sent by biremes,
Halfway repelled by unknown ones:
Reinforced with salt four triremes will come,
In Euboea bound with ropes and chains.
22
The imprudent army of Europe will depart,
Collecting itself near the submerged isle:
The weak fleet will bend the phalanx,
At the navel of the world a greater voice substituted.
23
Palace birds, chased out by a bird,
Very soon after the prince has arrived:
Although the enemy is repelled beyond the river,
Outside seized the trick upheld by the bird.
24
Beasts ferocious from hunger will swim across rivers:
The greater part of the region will be against the Hister,
The great one will cause it to be dragged in an iron cage,
When the German child will observe nothing.
25
The foreign guard will betray the fortress,
Hope and shadow of a higher marriage:
Guard deceived, fort seized in the press,
Loire, Saone, Rhone, Garonne, mortal outrage.
26
Because of the favor that the city will show
To the great one who will soon lose the field of battle,
Fleeing the Po position, the Ticino will overflow
With blood, fires, deaths, drowned by the long-edged blow.
27
The divine word will be struck from the sky,
One who cannot proceed any further:
The secret closed up with the revelation,
Such that they will march over and ahead.
28
The penultimate of the surname of the Prophet
Will take Diana [Thursday] for his day and rest:
He will wander far because of a frantic head,
And delivering a great people from subjection.
29
The Easterner will leave his seat,
To pass the Apennine mountains to see Gaul:
He will transpire the sky, the waters and the snow,
And everyone will be struck with his rod.
30
One who the infernal gods of Hannibal
Will cause to be reborn, terror of mankind
Never more horror nor worse of days
In the past than will come to the Romans through Babel.
31
In Campania the Capuan [river] will do so much
That one will see only fields covered by waters:
Before and after the long rain
One will see nothing green except the trees.
32
Milk, frog's blood prepared in Dalmatia.
Conflict given, plague near Treglia:
A great cry will sound through all Slavonia,
Then a monster will be born near and within Ravenna.
33
Through the torrent which descends from Verona
Its entry will then be guided to the Po,
A great wreck, and no less in the Garonne,
When those of Genoa march against their country.
34
The senseless ire of the furious combat
Will cause steel to be flashed at the table by brothers:
To part them death, wound, and curiously,
The proud duel will come to harm France.
35
The fire by night will take hold in two lodgings,
Several within suffocated and roasted.
It will happen near two rivers as one:
Sun, Sagittarius and Capricorn all will be reduced.
36
The letters of the great Prophet will be seized,
They will come to fall into the hands of the tyrant:
His enterprise will be to deceive his King,
But his extortions wile transferred:
You will be set up amidst other customs and laws:
Rouen and Chartres will do much of the worst to you.
50
The republic of the great city
Will not want to consent to the great severity:
King summoned by trumpet to go out,
The ladder at the wall, the city will repent.
51
Paris conspires to commit a great murder
Blois will cause it to be fully carried out:
Those of Orléans will want to replace their chief,
Angers, Troyes, Langres will commit a misdeed against them.
52
In Campania there will be a very long rain,
In Apulia very great drought.
The Cock will see the Eagle, its wing poorly finished,
By the Lion will it be put into extremity.
53
When the greatest one will carry off the prize
Of Nuremberg, of Augsburg, and those of Bâle
Through Cologne the chief Frankfort retaken
They will cross through Flanders right into Gaul.
54
One of the greatest ones will flee to Spain
Which will thereafter come to bleed in a long wound:
Armies passing over the high mountains,
Devastating all, and then to reign in peace.
55
In the year that one eye will reign in France,
The court will be in very unpleasant trouble:
The great one of Blois will kill his friend:
The realm placed in harm and double doubt.
56
Montauban, Nîmes, Avignon and Béziers,
Plague, thunder and hail in the wake of Mars:
Of Paris bridge, Lyons wall, Montpellier,
After six hundreds and seven score three pairs.
57
Seven times will you see the British nation change,
Steeped in blood in 290 years:
Free not at all its support Germanic.
Aries doubt his Bastarnian pole.
58
Near the Rhine from the Noric mountains
Will be born a great one of people come too late,
One who will defend Sarmatia and the Pannonians,
One will not know what will have become of him.
59
Barbarian empire usurped by the third,
The greater part of his blood he will put to death:
Through senile death the fourth struck by him,
For fear that the blood through the blood be not dead.
60
Throughout all Asia (Minor) great proscription,
Even in Mysia, Lycia and Pamphilia.
Blood will be shed because of the absolution
Of a young black one filled with felony.
61
The great band and sect of crusaders
Will be arrayed in Mesopotamia:
Light company of the nearby river,
That such law will hold for an enemy.
62
Near the Douro by the closed Tyrian sea,
He will come to pierce the great Pyrenees mountains.
One hand shorter his opening glosses,
He will lead his traces to Carcassone.
63
The Roman power will be thoroughly abased,
Following in the footsteps of its great neighbor:
Hidden civil hatreds and debates
Will delay their follies for the buffoons.
64
The chief of Persia will occupy great Olchades,
The trireme fleet against the Mahometan people
From Parthia, and Media: and the Cyclades pillaged:
Long rest at the great Ionian port.
65
When the sepulcher of the great Roman is found,
The day after a Pontiff will be elected:
Scarcely will he be approved by the Senate
Poisoned, his blood in the sacred chalice.
66
The great Bailiff of Orléans put to death
Will be by one of blood revengeful:
Of death deserved he will not die, nor by chance:
He made captive poorly by his feet and hands.
67
A new sect of Philosophers
Despising death, gold, honors and riches
Will not be bordering upon the German mountains:
To follow them they will have power and crowds.
68
Leaderless people of Spain and Italy
Dead, overcome within the Peninsula:
Their dictator betrayed by irresponsible folly,
Swimming in blood everywhere in the latitude.
69
The great army led by a young man,
It will come to surrender itself into the hands of the enemies:
But the old one born to the half-pig,
He will cause Châlon and Mâcon to be friends.
70
The great Britain including England
Will come to be flooded very high by waters
The new League of Ausonia will make war,
So that they will come to strive against them.
71
Those in the isles long besieged
Will take vigor and force against their enemies:
Those outside dead overcome by hunger,
They will be put in greater hunger than ever before.
72
The good old man buried quite alive,
Near the great river through false suspicion:
The new old man ennobled by riches,
Captured on the road all his gold for ransom.
73
When the cripple will attain to the realm,
For his competitor he will have a near bastard:
He and the realm will become so very mangy
That before he recovers, it will be too late.
74
Naples, Florence, Faenza and Imola,
They will be on terms of such disagreement
As to delight in the wretches of Nola
Complaining of having mocked its chief.
75
Pau, Verona, Vicenza, Saragossa,
From distant swords lands wet with blood:
Very great plague will come with the great shell,
Relief near, and the remedies very far.
76
In Germany will be born diverse sects,
Coming very near happy paganism,
The heart captive and returns small,
They will return to paying the true tithe.
77
The third climate included under Aries
The year 1727 in October,
The King of Persia captured by those of Egypt:
Conflict, death, loss: to the cross great shame.
78
The chief of Scotland, with six of Germany,
Captive of the Eastern seamen:
They will pass Gibraltar and Spain,
Present in Persia for the fearful new King.
79
The fatal everlasting order through the chain
Will come to turn through consistent order:
The chain of Marseilles will be broken:
The city taken, the enemy at the same time.
80
The worthy one chased out of the English realm,
The adviser through anger put to the fire:
His adherents will go so low to efface themselves
That the bastard will be half received.
81
The great shameless, audacious bawler,
He will be elected governor of the army:
The boldness of his contention,
The bridge broken, the city faint from fear.
82
Fréjus, Antibes, towns around Nice,
They will be thoroughly devastated by sea and by land:
The locusts by land and by sea the wind propitious,
Captured, dead, bound, pillaged without law of war.
83
The long hairs of Celtic
31
The Moon in the full of night over the high mountain,
The new sage with a lone brain sees it:
By his disciples invited to be immortal,
Eyes to the south. Hands in bosoms, bodies in the fire.
32
In the places and times of flesh giving way to fish,
The communal law will be made in opposition:
It will hold strongly the old ones, then removed from the midst,
Loving of Everything in Common put far behind.
33
Jupiter joined more to Venus than to the Moon
Appearing with white fullness:
Venus hidden under the whiteness of Neptune
Struck by Mars through the white stew.
34
The great one of the foreign land led captive,
Chained in gold offered to King Chyren:
He who in Ausonia, Milan will lose the war,
And all his army put to fire and sword.
35
The fire put out the virgins will betray
The greater part of the new band:
Lightning in sword and lance the lone Kings will guard
Etruria and Corsica, by night throat cut.
36
The new sports set up again in Gaul,
After victory in the Insubrian campaign:
Mountains of Hesperia, the great ones tied and trussed up:
Romania and Spain to tremble with fear.
37
The Gaul will come to penetrate the mountains by leaps:
He will occupy the great place of Insubria:
His army to enter to the greatest depth,
Genoa and Monaco will drive back the red fleet.
38
While he will engross the Duke, King and Queen
With the captive Byzantine chief in Samothrace:
Before the assault one will eat the order:
Reverse side metaled will follow the trail of the blood.
39
The Rhodians will demand relief,
Through the neglect of its heirs abandoned.
The Arab empire will reveal its course,
The cause set right again by Hesperia.
40
The fortresses of the besieged shut up,
Through gunpowder sunk into the abyss:
The traitors will all be stowed away alive,
Never did such a pitiful schism happen to the sextons.
41
Female sex captive as a hostage
Will come by night to deceive the guards:
The chief of the aworth a double,
The iniquitous one will speak, Counsel of annihilation.
Portentous deed, horrible and incredible,
Typhoon will make the wicked ones move:
Those who then afterwards supported by the cable,
And the greater part exiled on the fields.
Right put on the throne come into France from the sky,
The whole world pacified by Virtue:
Much blood to scatter, sooner change to come,
By the birds, and by fire, and not by vers.
The colored ones, the Sacred malcontents,
Then suddenly through the happy Androgynes:
Of the great part to see, the time not come,
Several amongst them will make their soups weak.
They will be returned to their full power,
Conjoined at one point of the accord, not in accord:
All defied, more promised to the Shaven Ones,
Several amongst them outflanked in a band.
For the legate of terrestrial and dawn,
The great Cape will accommodate himself to all:
Tacit LORRAINE, to be listening,
He whose advice they will not want to agree with.
The enemy wind will impede the troop,
For the greatest one advance put in difficulty:
Wine with poison will be put in the cup,
To pass the great gun without horse-power.
Through crystal the enterprise is broken,
Games and feats, in LYONS to repose more:
No longer will he take his repast with the Great Ones,
Sudden catarrh, blessed water, to bathe him.
Next: Almanacs: 1564-1567
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Post by mahdirannabiran18 on Apr 23, 2024 7:42:34 GMT 11
Sacred-Texts Esoteric Index Previous
Almanacs: 1564-1567
Almanac of 1564
The sextile year rains, wheat to abound, hatreds,
Joy to men, Princes, King divorced:
Herd to perish, human mutations,
People oppressed and poison under the surface.
Times very diverse, discord discovered,
Council of war, change taken in, changed:
The Great Woman must not be, conspirators through water lost,
Great hostility, for the great one all steady.
The bit of the enemy's tongue approaches,
The Debonair one to peace will want to reduce:
The obstinate ones will want to lose the kinswoman,
Surprised, Captives, and suspects fury to injure.
Fathers and mothers dead of infinite sorrows,
Women in mourning, the pestilent she-monster:
The Great One to be no more, all the world to end,
Under peace, repose and every single one in opposition.
Princes and Christendom stirred up in debates,
Foreign nobles, Christ's See molested:
Become very evil, much good, mortal sight.
Death in the East, plague, famine, evil treaty.
Land to tremble, killed, wasteful, monster,
Captives without number, to do, undone, done:
To go over the sea misfortune will occur,
Proud against the proud evil done in disguise.
The unjust one lowered, they will molest him fiercely,
Hail, to flood, treasure, and engraved marble:
Chief of Persuasion people will kill to death,
And attached will be the blade to the tree.
Of what not evil? inexcusable result,
The fire not double, the Legate outside confused:
Against the worse wounded the fight will not be made,
The end of June the thread cut by firing.
Fine bonds enfeebled by accords,
Mars and Prelates united will not stop:
The great ones confused by gifts of mutilated bodies,
Dignified ones, undignified ones will seize the well endowed.
From good to the evil times will change,
The peace in the South, the expectation of the Greatest Ones:
The Great Ones grieving Louis too much more will stumble,
Well-known Shaven Ones have neither power not understanding.
This is the month for evils so many as to be doubled,
Deaths, plague to drain all, famine, to quarrel:
Those of the reverse of exile will come to note,
Great Ones, secrets, deaths, not to censure.
Through death, death to bite, counsel, robbery, pestiferous,
They will not dare to attack the Marines:
Deucalion a final trouble to make,
Few young people: half-dead to give a start.
Dead through spite he will cause the others to shine,
And in an exalted place some great evils to occur:
Sad concepts will come to harm each one,
Temporal dignified, the Mass to succeed.
Almanac of 1566
For the greatest ones death, loss of honor and violence,
Professors of the faith, their estate and their sect:
For the two great Churches diverse noise, decadence,
Evil neighbors quarreling serfs of the Church without a head.
Waste, great loss, and not without violence,
All those of the faith, more for religion,
The Greatest Ones will lose their lives, their honor and fortunes
Both the two Churches, the sin in their faction.
For the two very Great Ones pernicious loss to arise,
The Greatest Ones will cause loss, goods, of honor, and of life,
As much great noises will run, the urn very odious,
Great maladies to be, meeting-house, mass in envy.
The servants of the Churches will betray their Lords,
Of other Lords also by the undivided of the fields:
Neighbors of meeting-house and mass will quarrel amongst them,
Rumors, noises to augment, to death are several lying.
Of all blessings abundance, the earth will produce for us,
No din of war in France, sedition put outside:
Man-slayers, robbers one will find on the highway,
Little faith, burning fever, people in commotion.
Between people discord, brutal enmity,
War, death of great Princes, several parts:
Universal plague, stronger in the West,
Times good and full, but very dry and exhausted.
The grains not to be plentiful, in all other fruits, plenty,
The Summer, spring humid, winter long, snow, ice:
The East in arms, France reinforces herself,
Death of beasts much honey, the place to be besieged.
Through pestilence and fire fruits of trees will perish,
Signs of oil to abound. Father Denis not scarce:
Some great ones to die, but few foreigners will sally forth in attack,
Offense, Barbarian marines, and dangers at the frontiers.
Rains very excessive, and of blessings abundance,
The cattle price to be just, women outside of danger:
Hail, rain, thunder: people depressed in France,
Through death they will work, death to reprove people.
Arms, plagues to cease, death of the seditious ones,
Great Father Liber will not much abound:
Evil ones will be seized by more malicious ones,
France more than ever victorious will triumph.
Up to this month the great drought will endure,
For Italy and Provence all fruits to half:
The Great One less of enemies prisoner of their band,
For the scroungers, Pirates, and the enemy to die.
The enemy so much to be feared to retire into Thrace,
Leaving cries, howls, and pillage desolated:
To leave noise on sea and land, religion murdered,
Jovial Ones put on the road, every sect to become angry.
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mahdirannabiran18
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-{PERFECT CATALYST|THE PERFECT MASTERMIND}+[CTHINGZ](0|132)- Apr 23, 2024 17:04:15 GMT 11
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Post by mahdirannabiran18 on Apr 23, 2024 17:04:15 GMT 11
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-{PERFECT CATALYST|THE PERFECT MASTERMIND}+[CTHINGZ](0|132)- Apr 23, 2024 18:46:53 GMT 11
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Post by mahdirannabiran18 on Apr 23, 2024 19:11:07 GMT 11
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-{PERFECT CATALYST|THE PERFECT MASTERMIND}+[CTHINGZ](0|132)- Apr 25, 2024 0:49:22 GMT 11
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Post by mahdirannabiran18 on Apr 25, 2024 0:49:22 GMT 11
-# include <stdlib.h>
# include <stdio.h>
# include <time.h>
# include <stdint.h>
# include "ziggurat.h"
int main ( );
void test01 ( );
void test02 ( );
void test03 ( );
void test04 ( );
void test05 ( int sample_num );
void test06 ( int sample_num );
void test07 ( int sample_num );
void test08 ( int sample_num );
void test09 ( );
void test10 ( );
void test11 ( );
void test12 ( );
/******************************************************************************/
int main ( )
/******************************************************************************/
/*
Purpose:
MAIN is the main program for ZIGGURAT_TEST.
Discussion:
ZIGGURAT_TEST tests the ZIGGURAT library.
Licensing:
This code is distributed under the MIT license.
Modified:
16 October 2013
Author:
John Burkardt
*/
{
int sample_num = 1000000;
timestamp ( );
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( "ZIGGURAT_TEST\n" );
printf ( " C version:\n" );
printf ( " Test the ZIGGURAT library.\n" );
/*
Make sure that SEED controls the sequence, and can restart it.
*/
test01 ( );
test02 ( );
test03 ( );
test04 ( );
/*
Measure the time it takes to generate 10,000 variables.
*/
test05 ( sample_num );
test06 ( sample_num );
test07 ( sample_num );
test08 ( sample_num );
/*
Sample 10 values of the unsigned integer 32 bit generators.
*/
test09 ( );
test10 ( );
test11 ( );
test12 ( );
/*
Terminate.
*/
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( "ZIGGURAT_TEST\n" );
printf ( " Normal end of execution.\n" );
printf ( "\n" );
timestamp ( );
return 0;
}
/******************************************************************************/
void test01 ( )
/******************************************************************************/
/*
Purpose:
TEST01 tests SHR3_SEEDED.
Licensing:
This code is distributed under the MIT license.
Modified:
14 October 2013
Author:
John Burkardt
*/
{
int i;
int j;
uint32_t seed;
uint32_t value;
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( "TEST01\n" );
printf ( " SHR3_SEEDED returns pseudorandom uniformly distributed\n" );
printf ( " unsigned 32 bit integers.\n" );
for ( j = 0; j < 3; j++ )
{
if ( ( j % 2 ) == 0 )
{
seed = 123456789;
}
else
{
seed = 987654321;
}
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( " %6d %12d %12u\n", 0, ( int ) seed, seed );
printf ( "\n" );
for ( i = 1; i <= 10; i++ )
{
value = shr3_seeded ( &seed );
printf ( " %6d %12d %12u %12u\n", i, ( int ) seed, seed, value );
}
}
return;
}
/******************************************************************************/
void test02 ( )
/******************************************************************************/
/*
Purpose:
TEST02 tests R4_UNI.
Licensing:
This code is distributed under the MIT license.
Modified:
04 October 2013
Author:
John Burkardt
*/
{
int i;
int j;
uint32_t seed;
float value;
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( "TEST02\n" );
printf ( " R4_UNI returns pseudorandom uniformly distributed\n" );
printf ( " floats (single precision real numbers) between 0 and 1.\n" );
for ( j = 0; j < 3; j++ )
{
if ( ( j % 2 ) == 0 )
{
seed = 123456789;
}
else
{
seed = 987654321;
}
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( " %6d %12d %12u\n", 0, ( int ) seed, seed );
printf ( "\n" );
for ( i = 1; i <= 10; i++ )
{
value = r4_uni ( &seed );
printf ( " %6d %12d %12u %14f\n", i, ( int ) seed, seed, value );
}
}
return;
}
/******************************************************************************/
void test03 ( )
/******************************************************************************/
/*
Purpose:
TEST03 tests R4_NOR.
Licensing:
This code is distributed under the MIT license.
Modified:
14 October 2013
Author:
John Burkardt
*/
{
float fn[128];
int i;
int j;
uint32_t kn[128];
uint32_t seed;
float value;
float wn[128];
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( "TEST03\n" );
printf ( " R4_NOR returns pseudorandom normally distributed\n" );
printf ( " floats (single precision real numbers) between 0 and 1.\n" );
r4_nor_setup ( kn, fn, wn );
for ( j = 0; j < 3; j++ )
{
if ( ( j % 2 ) == 0 )
{
seed = 123456789;
}
else
{
seed = 987654321;
}
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( " %6d %12d %12u\n", 0, ( int ) seed, seed );
printf ( "\n" );
for ( i = 1; i <= 10; i++ )
{
value = r4_nor ( &seed, kn, fn, wn );
printf ( " %6d %12d %12u %14f\n", i, ( int ) seed, seed, value );
}
}
return;
}
/******************************************************************************/
void test04 ( )
/******************************************************************************/
/*
Purpose:
TEST04 tests R4_EXP.
Licensing:
This code is distributed under the MIT license.
Modified:
14 October 2013
Author:
John Burkardt
*/
{
float fe[256];
int i;
int j;
uint32_t ke[256];
uint32_t seed;
float value;
float we[256];
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( "TEST04\n" );
printf ( " R4_EXP returns pseudorandom exponentially distributed\n" );
printf ( " floats (single precision real numbers) between 0 and 1.\n" );
r4_exp_setup ( ke, fe, we );
for ( j = 0; j < 3; j++ )
{
if ( ( j % 2 ) == 0 )
{
seed = 123456789;
}
else
{
seed = 987654321;
}
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( " %6d %12d %12u\n", 0, ( int ) seed, seed );
printf ( "\n" );
for ( i = 1; i <= 10; i++ )
{
value = r4_exp ( &seed, ke, fe, we );
printf ( " %6d %12d %12u %14f\n", i, ( int ) seed, seed, value );
}
}
return;
}
/******************************************************************************/
void test05 ( int sample_num )
/******************************************************************************/
/*
Purpose:
TEST05 times SHR3_SEEDED.
Licensing:
This code is distributed under the MIT license.
Modified:
04 October 2013
Author:
John Burkardt
*/
{
double ctime;
int sample;
uint32_t seed;
uint32_t value;
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( "TEST05\n" );
printf ( " Measure the time it takes SHR3_SEEDED to generate\n" );
printf ( " %d unsigned 32 bit integers.\n", sample_num );
seed = 123456789;
ctime = cpu_time ( );
for ( sample = 0; sample < sample_num; sample++ )
{
value = shr3_seeded ( &seed );
}
ctime = cpu_time ( ) - ctime;
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( " Final value = %u\n", value );
printf ( " %f seconds\n", ctime );
return;
}
/******************************************************************************/
void test06 ( int sample_num )
/******************************************************************************/
/*
Purpose:
TEST06 times R4_UNI.
Licensing:
This code is distributed under the MIT license.
Modified:
04 October 2013
Author:
John Burkardt
*/
{
double ctime;
int sample;
uint32_t seed;
float value;
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( "TEST06\n" );
printf ( " Measure the time it takes R4_UNI to generate\n" );
printf ( " %d uniformly random floats.\n", sample_num );
seed = 123456789;
ctime = cpu_time ( );
for ( sample = 0; sample < sample_num; sample++ )
{
value = r4_uni ( &seed );
}
ctime = cpu_time ( ) - ctime;
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( " Final value = %g\n", value );
printf ( " %f seconds\n", ctime );
return;
}
/******************************************************************************/
void test07 ( int sample_num )
/******************************************************************************/
/*
Purpose:
TEST07 times R4_NOR.
Licensing:
This code is distributed under the MIT license.
Modified:
14 October 2013
Author:
John Burkardt
*/
{
double ctime;
float fn[128];
uint32_t kn[128];
int sample;
uint32_t seed;
float value;
float wn[129];
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( "TEST07\n" );
printf ( " Measure the time it takes R4_NOR to generate\n" );
printf ( " %d normal random floats.\n", sample_num );
r4_nor_setup ( kn, fn, wn );
seed = 123456789;
ctime = cpu_time ( );
for ( sample = 0; sample < sample_num; sample++ )
{
value = r4_nor ( &seed, kn, fn, wn );
}
ctime = cpu_time ( ) - ctime;
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( " Final value = %g\n", value );
printf ( " %f seconds\n", ctime );
return;
}
/******************************************************************************/
void test08 ( int sample_num )
/******************************************************************************/
/*
Purpose:
TEST08 times R4_EXP.
Licensing:
This code is distributed under the MIT license.
Modified:
14 October 2013
Author:
John Burkardt
*/
{
double ctime;
float fe[256];
uint32_t ke[256];
int sample;
float value;
uint32_t seed;
float we[256];
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( "TEST08\n" );
printf ( " Measure the time it takes R4_EXP to generate\n" );
printf ( " %d exponential random float values.\n", sample_num );
r4_exp_setup ( ke, fe, we );
seed = 123456789;
ctime = cpu_time ( );
for ( sample = 0; sample < sample_num; sample++ )
{
value = r4_exp ( &seed, ke, fe, we );
}
ctime = cpu_time ( ) - ctime;
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( " Final value = %g\n", value );
printf ( " %f seconds\n", ctime );
return;
}
/******************************************************************************/
void test09 ( )
/******************************************************************************/
/*
Purpose:
TEST09 tests CONG_SEEDED.
Licensing:
This code is distributed under the MIT license.
Modified:
16 October 2013
Author:
John Burkardt
*/
{
int j;
uint32_t jcong_new;
uint32_t jcong_in;
uint32_t jcong_old;
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( "TEST09\n" );
printf ( " CONG_SEEDED is a generator of pseudorandom uniformly\n" );
printf ( " distributed unsigned 32 bit integers.\n" );
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( " Input Seed Output Seed Output Value\n" );
printf ( "\n" );
jcong_new = 234567891;
for ( j = 1; j <= 10; j++ )
{
jcong_old = jcong_new;
jcong_in = jcong_new;
jcong_new = cong_seeded ( &jcong_in );
printf ( " %12u %12u %12u\n", jcong_old, jcong_in, jcong_new );
}
return;
}
/******************************************************************************/
void test10 ( )
/******************************************************************************/
/*
Purpose:
TEST10 tests KISS_SEEDED.
Licensing:
This code is distributed under the MIT license.
Modified:
16 October 2013
Author:
John Burkardt
*/
{
int j;
uint32_t jcong_in;
uint32_t jcong_old;
uint32_t jsr_in;
uint32_t jsr_old;
uint32_t w_in;
uint32_t w_old;
uint32_t value;
uint32_t z_in;
uint32_t z_old;
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( "TEST10\n" );
printf ( " KISS_SEEDED is a generator of pseudorandom uniformly\n" );
printf ( " distributed unsigned 32 bit integers.\n" );
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( " JCONG JSR W Z Value\n" );
printf ( "\n" );
jcong_in = 234567891;
jsr_in = 123456789;
w_in = 345678912;
z_in = 456789123;
for ( j = 1; j <= 10; j++ )
{
jcong_old = jcong_in;
jsr_old = jsr_in;
w_old = w_in;
z_old = z_in;
value = kiss_seeded ( &jcong_in, &jsr_in, &w_in, &z_in );
printf ( " In %12u %12u %12u %12u\n", jcong_old, jsr_old, w_old, z_old );
printf ( " Out %12u %12u %12u %12u %12u\n", jcong_in, jsr_in, w_in, z_in, value );
}
return;
}
/******************************************************************************/
void test11 ( )
/******************************************************************************/
/*
Purpose:
TEST11 tests MWC_SEEDED.
Licensing:
This code is distributed under the MIT license.
Modified:
16 October 2013
Author:
John Burkardt
*/
{
int j;
uint32_t w_in;
uint32_t w_old;
uint32_t value;
uint32_t z_in;
uint32_t z_old;
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( "TEST11\n" );
printf ( " MWC_SEEDED is a generator of pseudorandom uniformly\n" );
printf ( " distributed unsigned 32 bit integers.\n" );
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( " Input W Input Z Output W Output Z Output Value\n" );
printf ( "\n" );
w_in = 345678912;
z_in = 456789123;
for ( j = 1; j <= 10; j++ )
{
w_old = w_in;
z_old = z_in;
value = mwc_seeded ( &w_in, &z_in );
printf ( " %12u %12u %12u %12u %12u\n", w_old, z_old, w_in, z_in, value );
}
return;
}
/******************************************************************************/
void test12 ( )
/******************************************************************************/
/*
Purpose:
TEST12 tests SHR3_SEEDED.
Licensing:
This code is distributed under the MIT license.
Modified:
16 October 2013
Author:
John Burkardt
*/
{
int j;
uint32_t jsr_new;
uint32_t jsr_in;
uint32_t jsr_old;
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( "TEST12\n" );
printf ( " SHR3_SEEDED is a generator of pseudorandom uniformly\n" );
printf ( " distributed unsigned 32 bit integers.\n" );
printf ( "\n" );
printf ( " Input Seed Output Seed Output Value\n" );
printf ( "\n" );
jsr_new = 123456789;
for ( j = 1; j <= 10; j++ )
{
jsr_old = jsr_new;
jsr_in = jsr_new;
jsr_new = shr3_seeded ( &jsr_in );
printf ( " %12u %12u %12u\n", jsr_old, jsr_in, jsr_new );
}
return;
}#! /bin/bash
#
gcc -c -Wall -I/$HOME/include ziggurat_test.c
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
echo "Compile error."
exit
fi
#
gcc ziggurat_test.o /$HOME/libc/ziggurat.o -lm
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
echo "Load error."
exit
fi
#
rm ziggurat_test.o
#
mv a.out ziggurat_test
./ziggurat_test > ziggurat_test.txt
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
echo "Run error."
exit
fi
rm ziggurat_test
#
echo "Normal end of execution."21 January 2020 11:16:19 AM
ZIGGURAT_TEST
C version:
Test the ZIGGURAT library.
TEST01
SHR3_SEEDED returns pseudorandom uniformly distributed
unsigned 32 bit integers.
0 123456789 123456789
1 -1579999415 2714967881 2838424670
2 -2056153900 2238813396 658813981
3 1250077441 1250077441 3488890837
4 -474866960 3820100336 775210481
5 -1117447610 3177519686 2702652726
6 -610828464 3684138832 2566691222
7 -1143879506 3151087790 2540259326
8 -632459188 3662508108 2518628602
9 -52590674 4242376622 3609917434
10 -920365318 3374601978 3322011304
0 987654321 987654321
1 248404469 248404469 1236058790
2 2078538413 2078538413 2326942882
3 -1837283786 2457683510 241254627
4 1841886731 1841886731 4602945
5 305946223 305946223 2147832954
6 -1479565193 2815402103 3121348326
7 736910199 736910199 3552312302
8 -1327526410 2967440886 3704351085
9 1833747846 1833747846 506221436
10 1249087608 1249087608 3082835454
0 123456789 123456789
1 -1579999415 2714967881 2838424670
2 -2056153900 2238813396 658813981
3 1250077441 1250077441 3488890837
4 -474866960 3820100336 775210481
5 -1117447610 3177519686 2702652726
6 -610828464 3684138832 2566691222
7 -1143879506 3151087790 2540259326
8 -632459188 3662508108 2518628602
9 -52590674 4242376622 3609917434
10 -920365318 3374601978 3322011304
TEST02
R4_UNI returns pseudorandom uniformly distributed
floats (single precision real numbers) between 0 and 1.
0 123456789 123456789
1 -1579999415 2714967881 0.160872
2 -2056153900 2238813396 0.653392
3 1250077441 1250077441 0.312321
4 -474866960 3820100336 0.680493
5 -1117447610 3177519686 0.129260
6 -610828464 3684138832 0.097604
7 -1143879506 3151087790 0.091450
8 -632459188 3662508108 0.086414
9 -52590674 4242376622 0.340499
10 -920365318 3374601978 0.273466
0 987654321 987654321
1 248404469 248404469 0.787792
2 2078538413 2078538413 0.041784
3 -1837283786 2457683510 0.556171
4 1841886731 1841886731 0.501072
5 305946223 305946223 0.000081
6 -1479565193 2815402103 0.226746
7 736910199 736910199 0.327087
8 -1327526410 2967440886 0.362486
9 1833747846 1833747846 0.617864
10 1249087608 1249087608 0.217779
0 123456789 123456789
1 -1579999415 2714967881 0.160872
2 -2056153900 2238813396 0.653392
3 1250077441 1250077441 0.312321
4 -474866960 3820100336 0.680493
5 -1117447610 3177519686 0.129260
6 -610828464 3684138832 0.097604
7 -1143879506 3151087790 0.091450
8 -632459188 3662508108 0.086414
9 -52590674 4242376622 0.340499
10 -920365318 3374601978 0.273466
TEST03
R4_NOR returns pseudorandom normally distributed
floats (single precision real numbers) between 0 and 1.
0 123456789 123456789
1 -1579999415 2714967881 -1.348345
2 -2056153900 2238813396 0.321041
3 1250077441 1250077441 -0.689408
4 -474866960 3820100336 0.875903
5 -1117447610 3177519686 -1.036908
6 -610828464 3684138832 -0.749757
7 -1143879506 3151087790 -2.633581
8 -632459188 3662508108 -2.335211
9 -52590674 4242376622 -0.900580
10 -920365318 3374601978 -0.547212
0 987654321 987654321
1 248404469 248404469 0.678952
2 2078538413 2078538413 -1.028125
3 -1837283786 2457683510 0.233949
4 1841886731 1841886731 0.003315
5 736910199 736910199 -0.808394
6 -1327526410 2967440886 -0.635426
7 1833747846 1833747846 0.702161
8 1249087608 1249087608 -1.819247
9 2026661944 2026661944 -3.163224
10 1286162813 1286162813 -0.633432
0 123456789 123456789
1 -1579999415 2714967881 -1.348345
2 -2056153900 2238813396 0.321041
3 1250077441 1250077441 -0.689408
4 -474866960 3820100336 0.875903
5 -1117447610 3177519686 -1.036908
6 -610828464 3684138832 -0.749757
7 -1143879506 3151087790 -2.633581
8 -632459188 3662508108 -2.335211
9 -52590674 4242376622 -0.900580
10 -920365318 3374601978 -0.547212
TEST04
R4_EXP returns pseudorandom exponentially distributed
floats (single precision real numbers) between 0 and 1.
0 123456789 123456789
1 1016977383 1016977383 0.164172
2 -2075197827 2219769469 0.174386
3 -1866214726 2428752570 0.135972
4 -1207428624 3087538672 1.292457
5 -1504984549 2789982747 0.022989
6 719266940 719266940 0.250433
7 71870932 71870932 0.413019
8 1060506829 1060506829 1.121728
9 727032026 727032026 1.850267
10 1543835729 1543835729 3.663504
0 987654321 987654321
1 248404469 248404469 1.270067
2 1841886731 1841886731 0.002059
3 1833747846 1833747846 0.382060
4 -715281282 3579686014 1.563694
5 2056904439 2056904439 0.959714
6 1806455956 1806455956 0.013664
7 -957733525 3337233771 3.042033
8 -1260874061 3034093235 0.452966
9 1742345012 1742345012 0.879560
10 -986807305 3308159991 0.323407
0 123456789 123456789
1 1016977383 1016977383 0.164172
2 -2075197827 2219769469 0.174386
3 -1866214726 2428752570 0.135972
4 -1207428624 3087538672 1.292457
5 -1504984549 2789982747 0.022989
6 719266940 719266940 0.250433
7 71870932 71870932 0.413019
8 1060506829 1060506829 1.121728
9 727032026 727032026 1.850267
10 1543835729 1543835729 3.663504
TEST05
Measure the time it takes SHR3_SEEDED to generate
1000000 unsigned 32 bit integers.
Final value = 3581807170
0.007390 seconds
TEST06
Measure the time it takes R4_UNI to generate
1000000 uniformly random floats.
Final value = 0.333954
0.031301 seconds
TEST07
Measure the time it takes R4_NOR to generate
1000000 normal random floats.
Final value = 0.0380214
0.015655 seconds
TEST08
Measure the time it takes R4_EXP to generate
1000000 exponential random float values.
Final value = 1.53775
0.084604 seconds
TEST09
CONG_SEEDED is a generator of pseudorandom uniformly
distributed unsigned 32 bit integers.
Input Seed Output Seed Output Value
234567891 754257534 754257534
754257534 2156517229 2156517229
2156517229 3318866384 3318866384
3318866384 4083956247 4083956247
4083956247 2798093810 2798093810
2798093810 899179345 899179345
899179345 192314212 192314212
192314212 2912663963 2912663963
2912663963 2815317670 2815317670
2815317670 828024693 828024693
TEST10
KISS_SEEDED is a generator of pseudorandom uniformly
distributed unsigned 32 bit integers.
JCONG JSR W Z Value
In 234567891 123456789 345678912 456789123
Out 754257534 2714967881 756869274 118418677 3759395650
In 754257534 2714967881 756869274 118418677
Out 2156517229 2238813396 1071839548 2242578315 4012434030
In 2156517229 2238813396 1071839548 2242578315
Out 3318866384 1250077441 1148488354 71421358 2816977735
In 3318866384 1250077441 1148488354 71421358
Out 4083956247 3820100336 638837524 1946566815 3289620212
In 4083956247 3820100336 638837524 1946566815
Out 2798093810 3177519686 1046385747 611607869 2792572631
In 2798093810 3177519686 1046385747 611607869
Out 899179345 3684138832 683493966 958134905 2947203765
In 899179345 3684138832 683493966 958134905
Out 192314212 3151087790 342406429 2370503868 2847676023
In 192314212 3151087790 342406429 2370503868
Out 2912663963 3662508108 834575224 44842599 1943886813
In 2912663963 3662508108 834575224 44842599
Out 2815317670 4242376622 716412734 590580459 3917199762
In 2815317670 4242376622 716412734 590580459
Out 828024693 3374601978 696934931 1314737558 209495054
TEST11
MWC_SEEDED is a generator of pseudorandom uniformly
distributed unsigned 32 bit integers.
Input W Input Z Output W Output Z Output Value
345678912 456789123 756869274 118418677 437381274
756869274 118418677 1071839548 2242578315 1198389564
1071839548 2242578315 1148488354 71421358 304253602
1148488354 71421358 638837524 1946566815 1722999572
638837524 1946566815 1046385747 611607869 2744882259
1046385747 611607869 683493966 958134905 590760526
683493966 958134905 342406429 2370503868 421836061
342406429 2370503868 834575224 44842599 1881512824
834575224 44842599 716412734 590580459 3047069502
716412734 590580459 696934931 1314737558 1998610963
TEST12
SHR3_SEEDED is a generator of pseudorandom uniformly
distributed unsigned 32 bit integers.
Input Seed Output Seed Output Value
123456789 2714967881 2838424670
2838424670 3758610316 2302067690
2302067690 2017378991 24479385
24479385 2239313674 2263793059
2263793059 2047104206 15929969
15929969 891119311 907049280
907049280 506781276 1413830556
1413830556 677621799 2091452355
2091452355 3598218379 1394703438
1394703438 3921199450 1020935592
ZIGGURAT_TEST
Normal end of execution.
21 January 2020 11:16:19 AM
Post by The End to Zina/Sodomy/Gharar on Aug 10, 2022 19:45:08 GMT 11
《The End to All Future Errors》<victory> [This Time Call Me Attractive]
</victory>VICTORY
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Post by mahdirannabiran18 on Jan 9, 2024 7:36:57 GMT 11
96:ANTI;PERSONSHARINGONE;-GAME-;Delete' dawah is finished for me forever, MANAGE....
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Game Boy Advance Cheats, Cheat Codes and Hints
1. Yu-Gi-Oh! The Eternal Duelist Soul Action Replay Codes, US
June 03, 2003
There are 4 codes for this game.
(m)
7d970934
fe7bd76a
86d4e867
73d235d3
Instant Win
0de0b8ff
b34e127f
Infinite Life Points
b227765b
38fb34a0
Have All Cards
46652fff
47114191
a870fe43
61f00a2b
312073db
6b036250
a870fe43
61f00a2b
3cd5df7e
bc21f0c0
a870fe43
61f00a2b
7e2b1c41
9e394f92
298ca9e8
2632e88d
2. Yu-Gi-Oh! The Eternal Duelist Soul Card Passwords
March 16, 2003
7 Colored Fish 23771716
7 Completed 86198326
Acid Crawler 77568553
Acid Trap Hole 41356845
Air Eater 08353769
Air Marmot of Nefariousness 75889523
Akakieisu 38035986
Akihiron 36904469
Alligator's Sword 64428736
Alligator's Sword Dragon 03366982
Alpha The Magnet Warrior 99785935
Amazon of the Seas 17968114
Ameba 95174353
Amphibious Bugroth 40173854
Ancient Brain 42431843
Ancient Elf 93221206
Ancient Jar 81492226
Ancient Lizard Warrior 43230671
Ancient One of the Deep Forest 14015067
Ancient Telescope 17092736
Ancient Tool 49587396
Ansatsu 48365709
Anthrosaurus 89904598
Anti Raigeki 42364257
Anti-Magic Fragrance 58921041
Appropriate 48539234
Aqua Chorus 95132338
Aqua Dragon 86164529
Aqua Madoor 85639257
Arlownay 14708569
Arma Knight 36151751
Armaill 53153481
Armed Ninja 09076207
Armored Glass 36868108
Armored Lizard 15480588
Armored Rat 16246527
Armored Starfish 17535588
Armored Zombie 20277860
Axe Raider 48305365
Axe of Despair 40619825
Baby Dragon 88819587
Backup Soldier 36280194
Banisher of the Light 61528025
Barox 06840573
Barrel Dragon 81480460
Barrel Lily 67841515
Barrel Rock 10476868
Basic Insect 89091579
Battle Ox 05053103
Battle Steer 18246479
Battle Warrior 55550921
Bean Soldier 84990171
Beast Fangs 46009906
Beastking of the Swamps 99426834
Beastly Mirror Ritual Unknown
Beautiful Headhuntress 16899564
Beaver Warrior 32452818
Behegon 94022093
Bell of Destruction 83555666
Beta The Magnet Warrior 39256679
Bickuribox 25655502
Big Eye 16768387
Big Insect 53606874
Big Shield Gardna 65240384
Binding Chain 08058240
Bio Plant 07670542
Black Dragon Jungle King 89832901
Black Illusion Ritual 41426869
Black Luster Ritual Unknown
Black Luster Soldier Unknown
Black Pendant 65169794
Black Skull Dragon Unknown
Blackland Fire Dragon 87564352
Bladefly 28470714
Blast Juggler 70138455
Blast Sphere 26302522
Block Attack 25880422
Blue Eyes Toon Dragon 53183600
Blue Medicine 20871001
Blue-Eyed Silver Zombie 35282433
Blue-Eyes Toon Dragon 53183600
Blue-Eyes Ultimate Dragon 23995346
Blue-Eyes Ultimate Dragon Unknown
Blue-Eyes White Dragon 80906030
Blue-Eyes White Dragon 89631139
Blue-Winged Crown 41396436
Boar Soldier 21340051
Bolt Escargot 12146024
Book of Secret Arts 91595718
Bottom Dweller 81386177
Bracchio-raidus 16507828
Breath of Light 20101223
Bright Castle 82878489
Burglar 06297941
Burning Spear 18937875
Buster Blader 78193831
Call Of The Haunted 97077563
Call of the Dark 78637313
Call of the Grave 16970158
Candle of Fate 47695416
Cannon Soldier 11384280
Castle Walls 44209392
Castle of Dark Illusions 00062121
Catapult Turtle 95727991
Ceasefire 36468556
Celtic Guardian 90101050
Celtic Guardian 91152256
Ceremonial Bell 20228463
Chain Destruction 01248895
Chain Energy 79323590
Chakra Unknown
Change of Heart 04031928
Charubin the Fire Knight 37421579
Chorus of Sanctuary 81380218
Claw Reacher 41218256
Clown Zombie 92667214
Cockroach Knight 33413638
Cocoon of Evolution Unknown
Commencement Dance Unknown
Confiscation 17375316
Cosmo Queen Unknown
Crab Turtle Unknown
Crass Clown 93889755
Crawling Dragon #2 38289717
Crawling Dragon 67494157
Crazy Fish 53713014
Crimson Sunbird 46696593
Crow Goblin 77998771
Crush Card 57728570
Curse of Dragon 28279543
Curse of Fiend 12470447
Curtain of the Dark Ones 22026707
Cyber Commander 06400512
Cyber Falcon 30655537
Cyber Jar 34124316
Cyber Saurus 89112729
Cyber Shield 63224564
Cyber Soldier 44865098
Cyber-Stein 69015963
Cyber-Tech Alligator 48766543
DNA Surgery 74701381
Dancing Elf 59983499
Dark Artist 72520073
Dark Assailant 41949033
Dark Chimera 32344688
Dark Elf 21417692
Dark Energy 04614116
Dark Gray 09159938
Dark Hole 53129443
Dark Human 81057959
Dark King of the Abyss 53375573
Dark Magic Ritual Unknown
Dark Magician 40609080
Dark Magician 46986414
Dark Magician Girl Unknown
Dark Rabbit 99261403
Dark Rabbit 99261403
Dark Sage 92377303
Dark Shade 40196604
Dark Witch 35565537
Dark Zebra 59784896
Dark-Eyes Illusionist 38247752
Dark-Piercing Light 45895206
Darkfire Dragon 17881964
Darkfire Soldier #1 05388481
Darkfire Soldier #2 78861134
Darkness Approaches 80168720
Darkworld Thorns 43500484
De-Spell 19159413
Deck Virus 57728570
Deepsea Shark 28593363
Delinquent Duo 44763025
Destroyer Golem 73481154
Dian Keto the Cure Master Unknown
Dice Armadillo 69893315
Dimensional Warrior 37043180
Disk Magician 76446915
Dissolverock 40826495
Dokuroizo the Grim Reaper 25882881
Dokurorider Unknown
Doma The Angel of Silence 16972957
Doron 00756652
Dorover 24194033
Dragon Capture Jar 50045299
Dragon Piper 55763552
Dragon Seeker 28563545
Dragon Treasure 01435851
Dragon Zombie 66672569
Dragoness the Wicked Knight 70681994
Dream Clown 13215230
Driving Snow 00473469
Drooling Lizard 16353197
Dryad 84916669
Dunames Dark Witch 12493482
Dungeon Worm 51228280
Dust Tornado 60082869
Earthshaker 60866277
Eatgaboon 42578427
Eldeen 06367785
Electric Lizard 55875323
Electric Snake 11324436
Electro-Whip 37820550
Elegant Egotist 90219263
Elf's Light 39897277
Empress Judge 15237615
Enchanted Javelin 96355986
Enchanting Mermaid 75376965
Eradicating Aerosol 94716515
Eternal Draught 56606928
Eternal Rest 95051344
Exchange 05556668
Exile of the Wicked 26725158
Exodia the Forbidden One 33396948
Eyearmor 64511793
Fairy Dragon 20315854
Fairy's Hand Mirror 17653779
Fairywitch 37160778
Faith Bird 75582395
Fake Trap 03027001
Feral Imp 41392891
Fiend Kraken 77456781
Fiend Reflection #1 68870276
Fiend Reflection #2 02863439
Fiend Sword 22855882
Fiend's Hand 52800428
Fiend's Mirror Unknown
Final Destiny Unknown
Final Flame 73134081
Fire Kraken 46534755
Fire Reaper 53581214
Firegrass 53293545
Firewing Pegasus Unknown
Fireyarou 71407486
Fissure 66788016
Flame Cerebrus 60862676
Flame Champion 42599677
Flame Ghost 58528964
Flame Manipulator 34460851
Flame Swordsman 40502030
Flame Swordsman 45231177
Flame Viper 02830619
Flash Assailant 96890582
Flower Wolf 95952802
Flying Kamakiri #1 84834865
Flying Kamakiri #2 03134241
Follow Wind 98252586
Forced Requisition 74923978
Forest 87430998
Fortress Whale Unknown
Fortress Whale's Oath Unknown
Frenzied Panda 98818516
Fusion Sage 26902560
Fusionist 01641882
Gaia Power 56594520
Gaia The Dragon Champion 66889139
Gaia The Fierce Knight 00603060
Gaia The Fierce Knight 06368038
Gaia the Dragon Champion 66889139
Gale Dogra 16229315
Gamma The Magnet Warrior 11549357
Ganigumo 34536276
Garma Sword 90844184
Garma Sword Oath 78577570
Garnecia Elefantis 49888191
Garoozis 14977074
Garvas 69780745
Gate Guardian 25833572
Gate Guardian Unknown
Gatekeeper 19737320
Gazelle the King of Mythical Beasts 05818798
Gemini Elf 69140098
Genin 49370026
Germ Infection 24668830
Ghoul with an Appetite 95265975
Giant Flea 41762634
Giant Germ 95178994
Giant Mech-Soldier 72299832
Giant Rat 97017120
Giant Red Seasnake 58831685
Giant Scorpion of the Tundra 41403766
Giant Soldier of Stone 13039848
Giant Trunade 42703248
Giant Turtle Who Feeds on Flames 96981563
Gift of The Mystical Elf 98299011
Giga-tech Wolf 08471389
Giganto 33621868
Giltia the D. Knight 51828629
Glory of the King's Hand Unknown
Goblin Fan 04149689
Goblin's Secret Remedy 11868825
Goddess of Whim 67959180
Goddess with the Third Eye 53493204
Gokibore 15367030
Graceful Charity 79571449
Graceful Dice 74137509
Grappler 02906250
Gravedigger Ghoul 82542267
Gravekeeper's Servant 16762927
Graverobber 61705417
Graveyard and the Hand of Invitation 27094595
Great Bill 55691901
Great Mammoth of Goldfine 54622031
Great Moth Unknown
Great White 13429800
Green Phantom King 22910685
Greenkappa 61831093
Griffore 53829412
Griggle 95744531
Ground Attacker Bugroth 58314394
Gruesome Goo 65623423
Gryphon Wing 55608151
Guardian of the Labyrinth 89272878
Guardian of the Sea 85448931
Guardian of the Throne Room 47879985
Gust 73079365
Gust Fan 55321970
Gyakutenno Megami 31122090
Hamburger Recipe Unknown
Hane-Hane 07089711
Haniwa 84285623
Happy Lover 99030164
Hard Armor 20060230
Harpie Lady 76812113
Harpie Lady Sisters 12206212
Harpie's Brother 30532390
Harpie's Feather Duster 18144506
Harpie's Pet Dragon 52040216
Harpies Feather Duster 18144506
Heavy Storm 19613556
Hercules Beetle 52584282
Hero of the East 89987208
Hibikime 64501875
High Tide Gyojin 54579801
Hinotama 46130346
Hinotama Soul 96851799
Hiro's Shadow Scout 81863068
Hitodenchak 46718686
Hitotsu-Me Giant 76184692
Holograh 10859908
Horn Imp 69669405
Horn of Heaven 98069388
Horn of Light 38552107
Horn of the Unicorn 64047146
Hoshiningen 67629977
Hourglass of Courage 43530283
Hourglass of Life 08783685
House of Adhesive Tape 15083728
Hungry Burger Unknown
Hunter Spider 80141480
Hyo 38982356
Hyosube 02118022
Hyozanryu 62397231
Ice Water 20848593
Ill Witch 81686058
Illusionist Faceless Mage 28546905
Imperial Order 61740673
Insect Armor with Laser Cannon 03492538
Insect Monster Token Unknown
Insect Queen 91512835
Insect Soldiers of the Sky 07019529
Inspection 16227556
Invader from Another Dimension 28450915
Invader of the Throne 03056267
Invigoration 98374133
Javelin Beetle Pact Unknown
Javelin Beetle Unknown
Jellyfish 14851496
Jigen Bakudan 90020065
Jinzo #7 32809211
Jinzo 77585513
Jirai Gumo 94773007
Judge Man 30113682
Just Desserts 24068492
Kagemusha of the Blue Flame 15401633
Kageningen 80600490
Kairyu-Shin 76634149
Kaiser Dragon 94566432
Kamakiriman 68928540
Kaminari Attack 09653271
Kaminarikozou 15510988
Kamionwizard 41544074
Kanan the Swordmistress Unknown
Kanikabuto 84103702
Karate Man 23289281
Karbonala Warrior 54541900
Kattapillar 81179446
Kazejin Unknown
Key Mace #2 20541432
Killer Needle 88979991
King Fog 84686841
King of Yamimakai 69455834
Kiseitai 04266839
Kojikocy 01184620
Kotodama 19406822
Koumori Dragon 67724379
Krokodilus 76512652
Kumootoko 56283725
Kunai with Chain 37390589
Kurama 85705804
Kuriboh 40640057
Kuwagata a 60802233
Kwagar Hercules 95144193
La Jinn the Mystical Genie of the Lamp 97590747
LaLa Li-oon 09430387
Labyrinth Tank 99551425
Labyrinth Wall Unknown
Lady of Faith 17358176
Larvae Moth Unknown
Larvas 94675535
Laser Cannon Armor 77007920
Last Day of Witch 90330453
Last Will 85602018
Laughing Flower 42591472
Launcher Spider 80703020
Launcher Spider 87322377
Lava Battleguard 20394040
Left Arm of the Forbidden One 07902349
Left Leg of the Forbidden One 44519536
Legendary Sword 61854111
Leghul 12472242
Leogun 10538007
Lesser Dragon 55444629
Light of Intervention 62867251
Lightforce Sword 49587034
Liquid Beast 93108297
Little Chimera 68658728
Little D 42625254
Lord of D 17985575
Lord of Zemia 81618817
Lord of the Lamp 99510761
Luminous Spark 81777047
Lunar Queen Elzaim 62210247
M-Warrior #1 56342351
M-Warrior #2 92731455
Mabarrel 98795934
Machine Conversion Factory 25769732
Machine King 46700124
Magic Jammer 77414722
Magic Thorn 53119267
Magic-Arm Shield 96008713
Magical Ghost 46474915
Magical Hats 81210420
Magical Labyrinth 64389297
Magician of Black Chaos Unknown
Magician of Faith 31560081
Maha Vailo 93013676
Maiden of the Moonlight 79629370
Major Riot 09074847
Malevolent Nuzzler 99597615
Mammoth Graveyard 40374923
Man Eater 93553943
Man-Eater Bug 54652250
Man-Eating Plant 49127943
Man-Eating Treasure Chest 13723605
Man-eating Black Shark 80727036
Manga Ryu-Ran 38369349
Manga Ryu-Ran 38369349
Marine Beast 29929832
Masaki the Legendary Swordsman 44287299
Mask of Darkness 28933734
Masked Sorcerer 10189126
Master & Expert 75499502
Mavelus 59036972
Mechanical Snail 34442949
Mechanical Spider 45688586
Mechanicalchaser 07359741
Meda Bat 76211194
Mega Thunderball 21817254
Megamorph 22046459
Megazowler 75390004
Meotoko 53832650
Mesmeric Control 48642904
Messenger of Peace 44656491
Metal Detector 75646520
Metal Dragon 09293977
Metal Fish 55998462
Metal Guardian 68339286
Metalmorph 68540058
Metalzoa 50705071
Meteor Black Dragon Unknown
Meteor Dragon Unknown
Mikazukinoyaiba Unknown
Millennium Golem 47986555
Millennium Shield 32012841
Millennium Shield 32012841
Milus Radiant 07489323
Minar 32539892
Minomushi Warrior 46864967
Mirror Force 44095762
Mirror Wall 22359980
Misairuzame 33178416
Molten Destruction 19384334
Monster Egg 36121917
Monster Eye 84133008
Monster Reborn 83764718
Monster Tamer 97612389
Monstrous Bird 35712107
Moon Envoy 45909477
Mooyan Curry 58074572
Morinphen 55784832
Morphing Jar #2 79106360
Morphing Jar 33508719
Mother Grizzly 57839750
Mountain 50913601
Mountain Warrior 04931562
Mr. Volcano 31477025
Muka Muka 46657337
Mushroom Man #2 93900406
Mushroom Man 14181608
Musician King 56907389
Mysterious Puppeteer 54098121
Mystic Horseman 68516705
Mystic Lamp 98049915
Mystic Plasma Zone 18161786
Mystic Probe 49251811
Mystic Tomato 83011277
Mystical Capture Chain 63515678
Mystical Elf 15025844
Mystical Moon 36607978
Mystical Sand 32751480
Mystical Sheep #1 30451366
Mystical Sheep #2 83464209
Mystical Space Typhoon 05318639
Needle Ball 94230224
Needle Worm 81843628
Negate Attack 14315573
Nekogal #1 01761063
Nekogal #2 43352213
Nemuriko 90963488
Neo the Magic Swordsman 50930991
Nimble Momonga 22567609
Niwatori 07805359
Nobleman of Crossout 71044499
Nobleman of Extermination 17449108
Novox's Prayer Unknown
Numinous Healer 02130625
Obelisk the Tormentor Unknown
Octoberser 74637266
Ocubeam 86088138
Ogre of the Black Shadow 45121025
One-Eyed Shield Dragon 33064647
Ooguchi 58861941
Ookazi 19523799
Orion the Battle King 02971090
Oscillo Hero #2 27324313
Oscillo Hero 82065276
Painful Choice 74191942
Pale Beast 21263083
Panther Warrior 42035044
Paralyzing Potion 50152549
Parasite Paracide 27911549
Parrot Dragon 62762898
Parrot Dragon 62762898
Patrol Robo 76775123
Peacock 20624263
Pendulum Machine 20404030
Pendulum Machine 24433920
Penguin Knight 36039163
Penguin Soldier 93920745
Perfectly Ultimate Great Moth Unknown
Performance of Sword Unknown
Petit Angel 38142739
Petit Dragon 75356564
Petit Moth 58192742
Polymerization 24094653
Polymerization 24094653
Polymerization 27847700
Pot of Greed 55144522
Power of Kaishin 77027445
Pragtical 33691040
Premature Burial 70828912
Prevent Rat 00549481
Princess of Tsurugi 51371017
Prisman 80234301
Prohibition 43711255
Protector of the Throne 10071456
Psychic Kappa 07892180
Pumpking the King of Ghosts 29155212
Punished Eagle 74703140
Queen Bird 73081602
Queen of Autumn Leaves 04179849
Queen's Double 05901497
Rabid Horseman Unknown
Raigeki 12580477
Raimei 56260110
Rainbow Flower 21347810
Raise Body Heat 51267887
Rare Fish 80516007
Ray & Temperature 85309439
Reaper of the Cards 33066139
Red Archery Girl 65570596
Red Medicine 38199696
Red-Eyes Black Dragon 74677422
Red-Eyes Black Metal Dragon 64335804
Reinforcements 17814387
Relinquished 64631466
Remove Trap 51482758
Respect Play 08951260
Restructer Revolution 99518961
Resurrection of Chakra Unknown
Reverse Trap 77622396
Revival of Dokurorider Unknown
Rhaimundos of the Red Sword 62403074
Right Arm of the Forbidden One 70903634
Right Leg of the Forbidden One 08124921
Ring of Magnetism 20436034
Riryoku 34016756
Rising Air Current 45778932
Roaring Ocean Snake 19066538
Robbin' Goblin 88279736
Rock Ogre Grotto #1 68846917
Rogue Doll 91939608
Root Water 39004808
Rose Spectre of Dunn 32485271
Royal Decree 51452091
Royal Guard 39239728
Rude Kaiser 26378150
Rush Recklessly 70046172
Ryu-Kishin 15303296
Ryu-Kishin Powered 24611934
Ryu-Ran 02964201
Saber Slasher 73911410
Saggi the Dark Clown 66602787
Salamandra 32268901
Sand Stone 73051941
Sanga of the Thunder Unknown
Sangan 26202165
Sea Kamen 71746462
Sea King Dragon 23659124
Seal of the Ancients 97809599
Sebek's Blessing 22537443
Sectarian of Secrets 15507080
Seiyaryu Unknown
Sengenjin Unknown
Senju of the Thousand Hands 23401839
Serpent Night Dragon Unknown
Set Sail for the Kingdom Unknown
Seven Tools of the Bandit 03819470
Shadow Ghoul Unknown
Shadow Specter 40575313
Share the Pain 56830749
Shield & Sword 52097679
Shining Fairy 95956346
Shovel Crusher 71950093
Silver Bow and Arrow 01557499
Silver Fang 90357090
Sinister Serpent 08131171
Skelengel 60694662
Skelgon 32355828
Skull Dice 00126218
Skull Guardian Unknown
Skull Knight Unknown
Skull Red Bird 10202894
Skull Servant 32274490
Skull Stalker 54844990
Skullbird 08327462
Sleeping Lion 40200834
Slifer the Sky Dragon Unknown
Slot Machine 03797883
Snake Fang 00596051
Snakeyashi 29802344
Snatch Steal 45986603
Sogen 86318356
Solemn Judgment 41420027
Solitude 84794011
Solomon's Lawbook 23471572
Sonic Bird 57617178
Sonic Maid 38942059
Soul Hunter 72869010
Soul Release 05758500
Soul of the Pure 47852924
Sparks 76103675
Spear Cretin 58551308
Spellbinding Circle 18807108
Spike Seadra 85326399
Spirit of the Books 14037717
Spirit of the Harp 80770678
Stain Storm 21323861
Star Boy 08201910
Steel Ogre Grotto #1 29172562
Steel Ogre Grotto #2 90908427
Steel Scorpion 13599884
Steel Shell 02370081
Stim-Pack 83225447
Stone Armadiller 63432835
Stone Ogre Grotto 15023985
Stop Defense 63102017
Stuffed Animal 71068263
Succubus Knight 55291359
Suijin Unknown
Summoned Skull 70781052
Super War-Lion Unknown
Supporter in the Shadows 41422426
Swamp Battleguard 40453765
Sword Arm of Dragon 13069066
Sword of Dark Destruction 37120512
Sword of Deep-Seated 98495314
Sword of Dragon's Soul 61405855
Swords of Revealing Light 72302403
Swordsman from a Foreign Land 85255550
Swordstalker 50005633
Tailor of the Fickle 43641473
Tainted Wisdom 28725004
Takriminos 44073668
Takuhee 03170832
Tao the Chanter 46247516
Temple of Skulls 00732302
Tenderness 57935140
Terra the Terrible 63308047
The 13th Grave 00032864
The Bewitching Phantom Thief 24348204
The Bistro Butcher 71107816
The Cheerful Coffin 41142615
The Drdek 08944575
The Eye of Truth 34694160
The Flute of Summoning Dragon 43973174
The Forceful Sentry 42829885
The Furious Sea King 18710707
The Immortal of Thunder 84926738
The Inexperienced Spy 81820689
The Little Swordsman of Aile 25109950
The Monarchy Unknown
The Regulation of Tribe 00296499
The Reliable Guardian 16430187
The Shallow Grave 43434803
The Snake Hair 29491031
The Stern Mystic 87557188
The Thing That Hides in the Mud 18180762
The Unhappy Maiden 51275027
The Wandering Doomed 93788854
The Wicked Worm Beast 06285791
The Winged Dragon of Ra Unknown
Thousand Dragon Unknown
Thousand Dragon Unknown
Three-Headed Geedo 78423643
Three-Legged Zombies 33734439
Thunder Dragon 31786629
Tiger Axe 40907090
Tiger Axe 49791927
Time Machine 80987696
Time Seal 35316708
Time Wizard 71625222
Toad Master 62671448
Togex 33878931
Toll 82003859
Tomozaurus 46457856
Tongyo 69572024
Toon Alligator 59383041
Toon Alligator 59383041
Toon Cannon Solider 79875176
Toon Gemini Elf 42386471
Toon Goblin Strike Team 15270885
Toon Magician Girl 90960358
Toon Mermaid 65458948
Toon Mermaid 65458948
Toon Summoned Skull 91842653
Toon Summoned Skull 91842653
Toon World 15259703
Toon World 15259703
Torike 80813021
Total Defense Shogun 75372290
Trakadon 42348802
Trap Hole 04206964
Trap Master 46461247
Tremendous Fire Unknown
Trent 78780140
Tri-Horned Dragon Unknown
Trial of Nightmare 77827521
Tribute to The Doomed 79759861
Tripwire Beast 45042329
Turtle Oath Unknown
Turtle Tiger 37313348
Twin Long Rods #2 29692206
Twin-Headed Fire Dragon 78984772
Twin-Headed Thunder Dragon 54752875
Two-Headed King Rex 94119974
Two-Mouth Darkruler 57305373
Two-Pronged Attack 83887306
Tyhone #2 56789759
Tyhone 72842870
UFO Turtle 60806437
Ultimate Offering 80604091
Umi 22702055
Umiiruka 82999629
Unknown Warrior of Fiend 97360116
Upstart Goblin 70368879
Uraby 01784619
Ushi Oni 48649353
Valkyrion the Magna Warrior 75347539
Vermillion Sparrow 35752363
Versago the Destroyer 50259460
Vile Germs 39774685
Violent Rain 94042337
Violet Crystal 15052462
Vishwar Randi 78556320
Vorse Raider 14898066
Waboku 12607053
Wall Shadow Unknown
Wall of Illusion 13945283
War-Lion Ritual Unknown
Warrior Elimination 90873992
Warrior of Tradition 56413937
Wasteland 23424603
Water Element 03732747
Water Girl 55014050
Water Magician 93343894
Water Omotics 02483611
Waterdragon Fairy 66836598
Weather Control 37243151
Weather Report 72053645
Whiptail Crow 91996584
White Hole 43487744
White Magical Hat 15150365
Wicked Mirror 15150371
Widespread Ruin 77754944
Windstorm of Etaqua 59744639
Wing Egg Elf 98582704
Winged Cleaver 39175982
Winged Dragon,Guardian of the Fortress #1 87796900
Wings of Wicked Flame 92944626
Witch of the Black Forest 78010363
Witch's Apprentice 80741828
Witty Phantom 36304921
Wodan the Resident of the Forest 42883273
Wood Remains 17733394
World Suppression 12253117
Wow Warrior 69750536
Wretched Ghost of the Attic 17238333
Yado Karu 29380133
Yaiba Robo 10315429
Yamatano Dragon Scroll 76704943
Yami 59197169
Yaranzo 71280811
Zanki 30090452
Zera Ritual Unknown
Zera The Mant Unknown
Zoa 24311372
Zombie Warrior 31339260
Zone Eater 86100785
3. Yu-Gi-Oh! The Eternal Duelist Soul Cheats, Cheat Codes & Hints
March 16, 2003
Unlock more duelists:
After you battle and beat Yu-Gi, Joey, Tea, Tristen and Backura twice you unlock Mai, Weevil, Rex, Mako and Espa. They are harder.
List of opponents:
1. Tristan Taylor, Tea Gardner, Yugi Moto, Joey Wheeler, Bakura Ryou
2. Espa Roba, Mako Tsunami, Rex Raptor, Weevil Underwood, Mai Valentine
3. Umbra & Lumis, Arkana, Rare Hunter, Strings, Marik Ishtar
4. Yami Bakura, Ishizu Ishtar, Kaiba Seto, Shadi, Yami Yugi
5. Maximillion Pegasus, Simon, Duel Computer, Trusdale
(supplied by: CoDeMsTr)
Get more card passwords:
You probably already know this but if you collect cards, at the bottom, left corner there are eight digit numbers. Type them in, but 45% of japanese card passwords will not work.
(supplied by: madmodena37)
Glitches, Misspelling:
Put the arrow on the spot were the opposing Duelist Fusion deck is located and it read "Opponents Fusion Feck" instead of "Opponents Fusion Deck".
When you look at Acid Trap Hole, it reads "Frip 1 face-down defense position monster face-up" instead of "Flip 1 face-down defense position monster face-up."
Look at the Valkyrion The Magna Warrior card. It states that you must tribute alpha, beta, and "%4792" instead of "gamma".
(supplied by: Kingkrum_2000)
Next levels:
Second level: Defeat everyone in the first level two times.
Third level: Defeat everyone in the second level three times.
Fourth level: Defeat everyone in the third level four times.
Fifth level: Defeat everyone in the fourth level five times.
(supplied by: Kingkrum_2000)
Blue-eyes Ultimate Dragon:
To summon The Blue-eyes Ultimate Dragon easier, summon cyber-stien activate his effect then select the Blue-eyes Ultimate Dragon as your fusion monster.
(supplied by: yu-gi-oh04)
Get the best selection of Cheats, Codes, Walkthroughs/Guides/FAQs, Unlockables, Tips, Tricks, Secrets, and more from Cheat Code Central.
The Genie has more Yu-Gi-Oh! The Eternal Duelist Soul Cheats at CheatingDome.com.
Print these cheats
Game Boy Advance FAQs, Guides and Walkthroughs
We currently don't have any Yu-Gi-Oh! The Eternal Duelist Soul FAQs, guides or walkthroughs for Game Boy Advance. Please check back at a later date for more guides and walkthroughs to be added.
Game Boy Advance Savegames
We currently don't have any Yu-Gi-Oh! The Eternal Duelist Soul savegames for Game Boy Advance. Please check back at a later date for more game saves to be added.
Game Boy Advance Achievements and Trophies
We currently don't have any Yu-Gi-Oh! The Eternal Duelist Soul achievement or trophy lists for Game Boy Advance. Please check back at a later date for more achievements and trophies to be added.
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-{PERFECT CATALYST|THE PERFECT MASTERMIND}+[CTHINGZ](0|132)- Apr 26, 2024 16:05:03 GMT 11
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Post by mahdirannabiran18 on Apr 26, 2024 16:05:03 GMT 11
-------------------------------------------------------------------------LogoThe United Federations
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alhasan18
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My Personal Dreams Nov 28, 2020 16:36:44 GMT 11
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Post by alhasan18 on Nov 28, 2020 16:36:44 GMT 11
Dream 1: To be absolutely the Mahdi
(Age:0-17)(Abdi)
Dream 2: To Restore the Caliphate
(Age 18 - 19)
(Prince Arthur)
Dream 3: To Build the world to Allah's Design with The Other Leaders of Quraysh
(Age 19-25)
(The Mahdi)
Dream 4: To Build A School and Rule as it's Principal and teach my Family
(Age 26 - 35)
(Gakuho Asano)
Dream 5: To Clean up the World of Criminals as a Police Officer
(Age 40 - 44)
(Kureo Mado)
Dream 6: To be a Scholar,an Imam and Have The World to Teach.(Age 50 - 54)
(Solomon Muto)
Dream 7: To enter Jannat ul Firdaws
(Hikmatullah)
A Prophet's Dua
May Allah swt make this dunya easy for us. May He swt ease our affairs for us and grant us all that is good for us, in our deen, duniya and aakhirah. May Allah swt grant to those people who are looking out to get married, spouses who will be the coolness and comfort of their eyes. May He swt grant to those, who want to have children, beautiful, healthy and righteous children, who will become a means of comfort and Jannah for them. May Allah swt grant Shafaa to all the sick people, may He swt cure their illnesses. May He swt make the journey of aakhirah easy and beautiful for us.
Ameen.
Last Edit: Feb 20, 2021 2:02:53 GMT 11 by alhasan18
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My Personal Dreams Apr 8, 2024 19:46:16 GMT 11
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Post by mahdirannabiran18 on Apr 8, 2024 19:46:16 GMT 11
A Prophet's Dua
May Allah swt make this dunya easy for us. May He swt ease our affairs for us and grant us all that is good for us, in our deen, duniya and aakhirah. May Allah swt grant to those people who are looking out to get married, spouses who will be the coolness and comfort of their eyes. May He swt grant to those, who want to have children, beautiful, healthy and righteous children, who will become a means of comfort and Jannah for them. May Allah swt grant Shafaa to all the sick people, may He swt cure their illnesses. May He swt make the journey of aakhirah easy and beautiful for us.
Ameen.
Dream 1: To be absolutely the Mahdi
(Age:0-17)(Abdi)
Dream 2: To Restore the Caliphate
(Age 18 - 19)
(Prince Arthur)
Dream 3: To Build the world to Allah's Design with The Other Leaders of Quraysh
(Age 19-25)
(The Mahdi)
Dream 4: To Build A School and Rule as it's Principal and teach my Family
(Age 26 - 35)
(Gakuho Asano)
Dream 5: To Clean up the World of Criminals as a Police Officer
(Age 40 - 44)
(Kureo Mado)
Dream 6: To be a Scholar,an Imam and Have The World to Teach.(Age 50 - 54)
(Solomon Muto)
Dream 7: To enter Jannat ul Firdaws
(Hikmatullah)
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My list of 100 dreams.
BY ANNE BOGEL
IN MY LIFE, THE EXAMINED LIFE
49 COMMENTS | COMMENT
For almost 5 years, I’ve been trying to complete an exercise I first read about in Laura Vanderkam’s book 168 Hours: You Have More Time Than You Think: create a personal list of 100 dreams.
The idea is this: to help you think through how you want to spend your time (in the big-picture sense) brainstorm an unedited list of anything you want to do (or want to do more of) in your life.
I made my first attempt right after reading the book for the first time back in 2011. It was harder than I thought: I only put 27 items on my list.
I’ve made a couple of stabs at a full 100-item list since then. For some reason, this exercise has been on my mind recently, and when we prepped for our big drive down to Florida last week, I packed a legal pad and a pen and warned Will this was happening (and that I needed his ideas).
(This wasn’t actually all that unusual: we have a long history of talking Crazy Talk in the car.)
Logging 10.5 hours in the car (even when split over two days) has an upside: I did it.
There’s no way I’m posting the full list here (we could call it “too much typing,” but “too much vulnerability” is probably more like it) but today I’m sharing a snippet.
Here’s the deal: grab a pen and some paper and start writing. Don’t edit yourself, but I would encourage you to go for experiences over material things, and to think about the local stuff as well as the once-in-a-lifetime big experiences. I tried to keep things relatively concrete and measurable (as opposed to “experience world peace,” for example).
I divided my list into 3 sections to make brainstorming easier, and I’m preserving those categories here:
A selection from my list of 100 dreams:
Personal
Host dinner parties. Or start/join a supper club.
Steward a Little Free Library.
Take art classes.
Go away for a girls’ weekend.
Get really familiar with our local parks system. I want to know the trails like the back of my hand.
Learn to use chopsticks. (I try, but I am terrible.)
Plant a garden bursting with tulips.
And a garden bed spilling over with zinnias.
Find and perfect a signature dish.
Learn to dance (ballroom, swing, I don’t even know).
Do a pull-up.
Travel
Visit the Pacific Northwest with the kids.
And the California coast with the kids.
Visit the Abbey of Gethsemani (local to us, but we’ve never been).
And Mammoth Cave with the kids (also local, but I haven’t been since I was a kid).
Revisit the International Wine Festival in Budapest (Will and I just happened to be in town for this the last time we were in Europe, and it was magical).
Visit a ton of indie bookstores: Powell’s, Parnassus, the Little Bookstore of Big Stone Gap, and any others we happen to be near or can manage to get to.
Take a small town road trip (definitely inspired by our recent experience).
Visit the Grand Canyon.
And at least five other national parks. (I’ve only been to Mt. Rainer …)
Take the kids to Europe.
Take an architecture tour in Barcelona.
Professional
Write a few real book reviews. (I write about books a lot, but I rarely write formal reviews.)
Develop stellar interview skills.
Go on a writing retreat or take a formal writing class.
Write some poetry as a skill-building exercise.
Write a nonfiction book.
And a novel.
Write a long-form piece and publish it somewhere.
Become an expert at something.
Learn to take great photos.
And edit them.
Support others in their work in tangible, practical ways.
Want to make your own list? Please do! And tell me a few things you would put on YOUR list in comments.
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mahdirannabiran18
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{Me Forever} Who I am and What I am (No More to I but Me) Apr 25, 2024 10:46:00 GMT 11
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Post by mahdirannabiran18 on Apr 25, 2024 10:46:00 GMT 11
A
+-_-INFP ESFJ INTJ ENFJ INTP-_-+
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mahdirannabiran18
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{Me Forever} Who I am and What I am (No More to I but Me) Apr 25, 2024 12:15:42 GMT 11
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Post by mahdirannabiran18 on Apr 25, 2024 12:15:42 GMT 11
~ADVERTISEthe late 1880s to describe a type of ironclad warship,[1] now referred to by historians as pre-dreadnought battleships. In 1906, the commissioning of HMS Dreadnought into the United Kingdom's Royal Navy heralded a revolution in the field of battleship design. Subsequent battleship designs, influenced by HMS Dreadnought, were referred to as "dreadnoughts", though the term eventually became obsolete as dreadnoughts became the only type of battleship in common use.
Battleships dominated naval warfare in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and were a symbol of naval dominance and national might, and for decades were a major intimidation factor for power projection in both diplomacy and military strategy.[2] A global arms race in battleship construction began in Europe in the 1890s and culminated at the decisive Battle of Tsushima in 1905,[3][4][5][6] the outcome of which significantly influenced the design of HMS Dreadnought.[7][8][9] The launch of Dreadnought in 1906 commenced a new naval arms race. Three major fleet actions between steel battleships took place: the long-range gunnery duel at the Battle of the Yellow Sea[10] in 1904, the decisive Battle of Tsushima in 1905 (both during the Russo-Japanese War) and the inconclusive Battle of Jutland in 1916, during the First World War. Jutland was the largest naval battle and the only full-scale clash of dreadnoughts of the war, and it was the last major battle in naval history fought primarily by battleships.[11]
The Naval Treaties of the 1920s and 1930s limited the number of battleships, though technical innovation in battleship design continued. Both the Allied and Axis powers built battleships during World War II, though the increasing importance of the aircraft carrier meant that the battleship played a less important role than had been expected in that conflict.
The value of the battleship has been questioned, even during their heyday.[12] There were few of the decisive fleet battles that battleship proponents expected and used to justify the vast resources spent on building battlefleets. Even in spite of their huge firepower and protection, battleships were increasingly vulnerable to much smaller and relatively inexpensive weapons: initially the torpedo and the naval mine, and later attack aircraft and the guided missile.[13] The growing range of naval engagements led to the aircraft carrier replacing the battleship as the leading capital ship during World War II, with the last battleship to be launched being HMS Vanguard in 1944. Four battleships were retained by the United States Navy until the end of the Cold War for fire support purposes and were last used in combat during the Gulf War in 1991, and then struck from the U.S. Naval Vessel Register in the 2000s. Many World War II-era battleships remain today as museum ships.
History
Ships of the line
Main article: Ship of the line
Napoléon (1850), the world's first steam-powered battleship
A ship of the line was a large, unarmored wooden sailing ship which mounted a battery of up to 120 smoothbore guns and carronades, which came to prominence with the adoption of line of battle tactics in the early 17th century and the end of the sailing battleship's heyday in the 1830s. From 1794, the alternative term 'line of battle ship' was contracted (informally at first) to 'battle ship' or 'battleship'.[14]
The sheer number of guns fired broadside meant a ship of the line could wreck any wooden enemy, holing her hull, knocking down masts, wrecking her rigging, and killing her crew. However, the effective range of the guns was as little as a few hundred yards, so the battle tactics of sailing ships depended in part on the wind.[citation needed]
Over time, ships of the line gradually became larger and carried more guns, but otherwise remained quite similar. The first major change to the ship of the line concept was the introduction of steam power as an auxiliary propulsion system. Steam power was gradually introduced to the navy in the first half of the 19th century, initially for small craft and later for frigates.[citation needed] The French Navy introduced steam to the line of battle with the 90-gun Napoléon in 1850[15]—the first true steam battleship.[16] Napoléon was armed as a conventional ship-of-the-line, but her steam engines could give her a speed of 12 knots (22 km/h), regardless of the wind. This was a potentially decisive advantage in a naval engagement. The introduction of steam accelerated the growth in size of battleships. France and the United Kingdom were the only countries to develop fleets of wooden steam screw battleships although several other navies operated small numbers of screw battleships, including Russia (9), the Ottoman Empire (3), Sweden (2), Naples (1), Denmark (1) and Austria (1).[17][2]
Ironclads
Main article: Ironclad warship
The French Gloire (1859), the first ocean-going ironclad warship
The adoption of steam power was only one of a number of technological advances which revolutionized warship design in the 19th century.[citation needed] The ship of the line was overtaken by the ironclad: powered by steam, protected by metal armor, and armed with guns firing high-explosive shells.[citation needed]
Explosive shells
Guns that fired explosive or incendiary shells were a major threat to wooden ships, and these weapons quickly became widespread after the introduction of 8-inch shell guns as part of the standard armament of French and American line-of-battle ships in 1841.[18] In the Crimean War, six line-of-battle ships and two frigates of the Russian Black Sea Fleet destroyed seven Turkish frigates and three corvettes with explosive shells at the Battle of Sinop in 1853.[19] Later in the war, French ironclad floating batteries used similar weapons against the defenses at the Battle of Kinburn.[20]
Nevertheless, wooden-hulled ships stood up comparatively well to shells, as shown in the 1866 Battle of Lissa, where the modern Austrian steam two-decker SMS Kaiser ranged across a confused battlefield, rammed an Italian ironclad and took 80 hits from Italian ironclads,[21] many of which were shells,[22] but including at least one 300-pound shot at point-blank range. Despite losing her bowsprit and her foremast, and being set on fire, she was ready for action again the very next day.[23]
Iron armor and construction
HMS Warrior (1860), the Royal Navy's first ocean-going iron-hulled warship
The development of high-explosive shells made the use of iron armor plate on warships necessary. In 1859 France launched Gloire, the first ocean-going ironclad warship. She had the profile of a ship of the line, cut to one deck due to weight considerations. Although made of wood and reliant on sail for most journeys, Gloire was fitted with a propeller, and her wooden hull was protected by a layer of thick iron armor.[24] Gloire prompted further innovation from the Royal Navy, anxious to prevent France from gaining a technological lead.[citation needed]
The superior armored frigate Warrior followed Gloire by only 14 months, and both nations embarked on a program of building new ironclads and converting existing screw ships of the line to armored frigates.[25] Within two years, Italy, Austria, Spain and Russia had all ordered ironclad warships, and by the time of the famous clash of the USS Monitor and the CSS Virginia at the Battle of Hampton Roads at least eight navies possessed ironclad ships.[2]
The French Redoutable, the first battleship to use steel as the main building material[26]
Navies experimented with the positioning of guns, in turrets (like the USS Monitor), central-batteries or barbettes, or with the ram as the principal weapon. As steam technology developed, masts were gradually removed from battleship designs. By the mid-1870s steel was used as a construction material alongside iron and wood. The French Navy's Redoutable, laid down in 1873 and launched in 1876, was a central battery and barbette warship which became the first battleship in the world to use steel as the principal building material.[27]
Pre-dreadnought battleship
Main article: Pre-dreadnought battleship
Pre-Dreadnought USS Texas, built in 1892, was the first battleship of the U.S. Navy. Photochrom print c. 1898.
The term "battleship" was officially adopted by the Royal Navy in the re-classification of 1892. By the 1890s, there was an increasing similarity between battleship designs, and the type that later became known as the 'pre-dreadnought battleship' emerged. These were heavily armored ships, mounting a mixed battery of guns in turrets, and without sails. The typical first-class battleship of the pre-dreadnought era displaced 15,000 to 17,000 tons, had a speed of 16 knots (30 km/h), and an armament of four 12-inch (305 mm) guns in two turrets fore and aft with a mixed-caliber secondary battery amidships around the superstructure.[1] An early design with superficial similarity to the pre-dreadnought is the British Devastation class of 1871.[28][29]
The slow-firing 12-inch (305 mm) main guns were the principal weapons for battleship-to-battleship combat. The intermediate and secondary batteries had two roles. Against major ships, it was thought a 'hail of fire' from quick-firing secondary weapons could distract enemy gun crews by inflicting damage to the superstructure, and they would be more effective against smaller ships such as cruisers. Smaller guns (12-pounders and smaller) were reserved for protecting the battleship against the threat of torpedo attack from destroyers and torpedo boats.[30]
The beginning of the pre-dreadnought era coincided with Britain reasserting her naval dominance. For many years previously, Britain had taken naval supremacy for granted. Expensive naval projects were criticized by political leaders of all inclinations.[2] However, in 1888 a war scare with France and the build-up of the Russian navy gave added impetus to naval construction, and the British Naval Defence Act of 1889 laid down a new fleet including eight new battleships. The principle that Britain's navy should be more powerful than the two next most powerful fleets combined was established. This policy was designed to deter France and Russia from building more battleships, but both nations nevertheless expanded their fleets with more and better pre-dreadnoughts in the 1890s.[2]
Diagram of HMS Agamemnon (1908), a typical late pre-dreadnought battleship
In the last years of the 19th century and the first years of the 20th, the escalation in the building of battleships became an arms race between Britain and Germany. The German naval laws of 1890 and 1898 authorized a fleet of 38 battleships, a vital threat to the balance of naval power.[2] Britain answered with further shipbuilding, but by the end of the pre-dreadnought era, British supremacy at sea had markedly weakened. In 1883, the United Kingdom had 38 battleships, twice as many as France and almost as many as the rest of the world put together. In 1897, Britain's lead was far smaller due to competition from France, Germany, and Russia, as well as the development of pre-dreadnought fleets in Italy, the United States and Japan.[31] The Ottoman Empire, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Chile and Brazil all had second-rate fleets led by armored cruisers, coastal defence ships or monitors.[32]
Pre-dreadnoughts continued the technical innovations of the ironclad. Turrets, armor plate, and steam engines were all improved over the years, and torpedo tubes were also introduced. A small number of designs, including the American Kearsarge and Virginia classes, experimented with all or part of the 8-inch intermediate battery superimposed over the 12-inch primary. Results were poor: recoil factors and blast effects resulted in the 8-inch battery being completely unusable, and the inability to train the primary and intermediate armaments on different targets led to significant tactical limitations. Even though such innovative designs saved weight (a key reason for their inception), they proved too cumbersome in practice.[33]
Dreadnought era
See also: Dreadnought
In 1906, the British Royal Navy launched the revolutionary HMS Dreadnought. Created as a result of pressure from Admiral Sir John ("Jackie") Fisher, HMS Dreadnought rendered existing battleships obsolete. Combining an "all-big-gun" armament of ten 12-inch (305 mm) guns with unprecedented speed (from steam turbine engines) and protection, she prompted navies worldwide to re-evaluate their battleship building programs. While the Japanese had laid down an all-big-gun battleship, Satsuma, in 1904[34] and the concept of an all-big-gun ship had been in circulation for several years, it had yet to be validated in combat. Dreadnought sparked a new arms race, principally between Britain and Germany but reflected worldwide, as the new class of warships became a crucial element of national power.[35]
Technical development continued rapidly through the dreadnought era, with steep changes in armament, armor and propulsion. Ten years after Dreadnought's commissioning, much more powerful ships, the super-dreadnoughts, were being built.
Origin
Vittorio Cuniberti
In the first years of the 20th century, several navies worldwide experimented with the idea of a new type of battleship with a uniform armament of very heavy guns.
Admiral Vittorio Cuniberti, the Italian Navy's chief naval architect, articulated the concept of an all-big-gun battleship in 1903. When the Regia Marina did not pursue his ideas, Cuniberti wrote an article in Jane's proposing an "ideal" future British battleship, a large armored warship of 17,000 tons, armed solely with a single calibre main battery (twelve 12-inch [305 mm] guns), carrying 300-millimetre (12 in) belt armor, and capable of 24 knots (44 km/h).[36]
The Russo-Japanese War provided operational experience to validate the "all-big-gun" concept. During the Battle of the Yellow Sea on August 10, 1904, Admiral Togo of the Imperial Japanese Navy commenced deliberate 12-inch gun fire at the Russian flagship Tzesarevich at 14,200 yards (13,000 meters).[37] At the Battle of Tsushima on May 27, 1905, Russian Admiral Rozhestvensky's flagship fired the first 12-inch guns at the Japanese flagship Mikasa at 7,000 meters.[38] It is often held that these engagements demonstrated the importance of the 12-inch (305 mm) gun over its smaller counterparts, though some historians take the view that secondary batteries were just as important as the larger weapons when dealing with smaller fast moving torpedo craft.[2] Such was the case, albeit unsuccessfully, when the Russian battleship Knyaz Suvorov at Tsushima had been sent to the bottom by destroyer launched torpedoes.[39] The 1903–04 design also retained traditional triple-expansion steam engines.[40]
A preliminary design for the Imperial Japanese Navy's Satsuma was an "all-big-gun" design.
As early as 1904, Jackie Fisher had been convinced of the need for fast, powerful ships with an all-big-gun armament. If Tsushima influenced his thinking, it was to persuade him of the need to standardise on 12-inch (305 mm) guns.[2] Fisher's concerns were submarines and destroyers equipped with torpedoes, then threatening to outrange battleship guns, making speed imperative for capital ships.[2] Fisher's preferred option was his brainchild, the battlecruiser: lightly armored but heavily armed with eight 12-inch guns and propelled to 25 knots (46 km/h) by steam turbines.[41]
It was to prove this revolutionary technology that Dreadnought was designed in January 1905, laid down in October 1905 and sped to completion by 1906. She carried ten 12-inch guns, had an 11-inch armor belt, and was the first large ship powered by turbines. She mounted her guns in five turrets; three on the centerline (one forward, two aft) and two on the wings, giving her at her launch twice the broadside of any other warship. She retained a number of 12-pound (3-inch, 76 mm) quick-firing guns for use against destroyers and torpedo-boats. Her armor was heavy enough for her to go head-to-head with any other ship in a gun battle, and conceivably win.[42]
HMS Dreadnought (1906)
Dreadnought was to have been followed by three Invincible-class battlecruisers, their construction delayed to allow lessons from Dreadnought to be used in their design. While Fisher may have intended Dreadnought to be the last Royal Navy battleship,[2] the design was so successful he found little support for his plan to switch to a battlecruiser navy. Although there were some problems with the ship (the wing turrets had limited arcs of fire and strained the hull when firing a full broadside, and the top of the thickest armor belt lay below the waterline at full load), the Royal Navy promptly commissioned another six ships to a similar design in the Bellerophon and St. Vincent classes.[citation needed]
An American design, South Carolina, authorized in 1905 and laid down in December 1906, was another of the first dreadnoughts, but she and her sister, Michigan, were not launched until 1908. Both used triple-expansion engines and had a superior layout of the main battery, dispensing with Dreadnought's wing turrets. They thus retained the same broadside, despite having two fewer guns.[43]
Arms race
See also: World War I naval arms race
In 1897, before the revolution in design brought about by HMS Dreadnought, the Royal Navy had 62 battleships in commission or building, a lead of 26 over France and 50 over Germany.[31] From the 1906 launching of Dreadnought, an arms race with major strategic consequences was prompted. Major naval powers raced to build their own dreadnoughts. Possession of modern battleships was not only seen as vital to naval power, but also, as with nuclear weapons after World War II, represented a nation's standing in the world.[2] Germany, France, Japan,[44] Italy, Austria, and the United States all began dreadnought programmes; while the Ottoman Empire, Argentina, Russia,[44] Brazil, and Chile commissioned dreadnoughts to be built in British and American yards.
World War I
See also: Naval warfare of World War I
German High Seas Fleet during World War I
By virtue of geography, the Royal Navy was able to use her imposing battleship and battlecruiser fleet to impose a strict and successful naval blockade of Germany and kept Germany's smaller battleship fleet bottled up in the North Sea: only narrow channels led to the Atlantic Ocean and these were guarded by British forces.[45] Both sides were aware that, because of the greater number of British dreadnoughts, a full fleet engagement would be likely to result in a British victory. The German strategy was therefore to try to provoke an engagement on their terms: either to induce a part of the Grand Fleet to enter battle alone, or to fight a pitched battle near the German coastline, where friendly minefields, torpedo-boats and submarines could be used to even the odds.[46] This did not happen, however, due in large part to the necessity to keep submarines for the Atlantic campaign. Submarines were the only vessels in the Imperial German Navy able to break out and raid British commerce in force, but even though they sank many merchant ships, they could not successfully counter-blockade the United Kingdom; the Royal Navy successfully adopted convoy tactics to combat Germany's submarine counter-blockade and eventually defeated it.[47] This was in stark contrast to Britain's successful blockade of Germany.
Britain's Grand Fleet
The first two years of war saw the Royal Navy's battleships and battlecruisers regularly "sweep" the North Sea making sure that no German ships could get in or out. Only a few German surface ships that were already at sea, such as the famous light cruiser SMS Emden, were able to raid commerce. Even some of those that did manage to get out were hunted down by battlecruisers, as in the Battle of the Falklands, December 7, 1914. The results of sweeping actions in the North Sea were battles including the Heligoland Bight and Dogger Bank and German raids on the English coast, all of which were attempts by the Germans to lure out portions of the Grand Fleet in an attempt to defeat the Royal Navy in detail. On May 31, 1916, a further attempt to draw British ships into battle on German terms resulted in a clash of the battlefleets in the Battle of Jutland.[48] The German fleet withdrew to port after two short encounters with the British fleet. Less than two months later, the Germans once again attempted to draw portions of the Grand Fleet into battle. The resulting Action of 19 August 1916 proved inconclusive. This reinforced German determination not to engage in a fleet to fleet battle.[49]
Warspite and Malaya at Jutland
In the other naval theatres there were no decisive pitched battles. In the Black Sea, engagement between Russian and Ottoman battleships was restricted to skirmishes. In the Baltic Sea, action was largely limited to the raiding of convoys, and the laying of defensive minefields; the only significant clash of battleship squadrons there was the Battle of Moon Sound at which one Russian pre-dreadnought was lost. The Adriatic was in a sense the mirror of the North Sea: the Austro-Hungarian dreadnought fleet remained bottled up by the British and French blockade. And in the Mediterranean, the most important use of battleships was in support of the amphibious assault on Gallipoli.[50]
In September 1914, the threat posed to surface ships by German U-boats was confirmed by successful attacks on British cruisers, including the sinking of three British armored cruisers by the German submarine SM U-9 in less than an hour. The British Super-dreadnought HMS Audacious soon followed suit as she struck a mine laid by a German U-boat in October 1914 and sank. The threat that German U-boats posed to British dreadnoughts was enough to cause the Royal Navy to change their strategy and tactics in the North Sea to reduce the risk of U-boat attack.[51] Further near-misses from submarine attacks on battleships and casualties amongst cruisers led to growing concern in the Royal Navy about the vulnerability of battleships.
As the war wore on however, it turned out that whilst submarines did prove to be a very dangerous threat to older pre-dreadnought battleships, as shown by examples such as the sinking of Mesûdiye, which was caught in the Dardanelles by a British submarine[52] and HMS Majestic and HMS Triumph were torpedoed by U-21 as well as HMS Formidable, HMS Cornwallis, HMS Britannia etc., the threat posed to dreadnought battleships proved to have been largely a false alarm. HMS Audacious turned out to be the only dreadnought sunk by a submarine in World War I.[47] While battleships were never intended for anti-submarine warfare, there was one instance of a submarine being sunk by a dreadnought battleship. HMS Dreadnought rammed and sank the German submarine U-29 on March 18, 1915, off the Moray Firth.[47]
The sinking of SMS Szent István, after being torpedoed by Italian motor boats
Whilst the escape of the German fleet from the superior British firepower at Jutland was effected by the German cruisers and destroyers successfully turning away the British battleships, the German attempt to rely on U-boat attacks on the British fleet failed.[53]
Torpedo boats did have some successes against battleships in World War I, as demonstrated by the sinking of the British pre-dreadnought HMS Goliath by Muâvenet-i Millîye during the Dardanelles Campaign and the destruction of the Austro-Hungarian dreadnought SMS Szent István by Italian motor torpedo boats in June 1918. In large fleet actions, however, destroyers and torpedo boats were usually unable to get close enough to the battleships to damage them.[citation needed] The only battleship sunk in a fleet action by either torpedo boats or destroyers was the obsolescent German pre-dreadnought SMS Pommern. She was sunk by destroyers during the night phase of the Battle of Jutland.[citation needed]
The German High Seas Fleet, for their part, were determined not to engage the British without the assistance of submarines; and since the submarines were needed more for raiding commercial traffic, the fleet stayed in port for much of the war.[54]
Inter-war period
For many years, Germany simply had no battleships. The Armistice with Germany required that most of the High Seas Fleet be disarmed and interned in a neutral port; largely because no neutral port could be found, the ships remained in British custody in Scapa Flow, Scotland. The Treaty of Versailles specified that the ships should be handed over to the British. Instead, most of them were scuttled by their German crews on June 21, 1919, just before the signature of the peace treaty. The treaty also limited the German Navy, and prevented Germany from building or possessing any capital ships.[55]
Profile drawing of HMS Nelson commissioned 1927
The inter-war period saw the battleship subjected to strict international limitations to prevent a costly arms race breaking out.[56]
Scrapping of battleships in the Philadelphia Navy Yard, Pennsylvania, in December 1923
While the victors were not limited by the Treaty of Versailles, many of the major naval powers were crippled after the war. Faced with the prospect of a naval arms race against the United Kingdom and Japan, which would in turn have led to a possible Pacific war, the United States was keen to conclude the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922. This treaty limited the number and size of battleships that each major nation could possess, and required Britain to accept parity with the U.S. and to abandon the British alliance with Japan.[57] The Washington treaty was followed by a series of other naval treaties, including the First Geneva Naval Conference (1927), the First London Naval Treaty (1930), the Second Geneva Naval Conference (1932), and finally the Second London Naval Treaty (1936), which all set limits on major warships. These treaties became effectively obsolete on September 1, 1939, at the beginning of World War II, but the ship classifications that had been agreed upon still apply.[58] The treaty limitations meant that fewer new battleships were launched in 1919–1939 than in 1905–1914. The treaties also inhibited development by imposing upper limits on the weights of ships. Designs like the projected British N3-class battleship, the first American South Dakota class, and the Japanese Kii class—all of which continued the trend to larger ships with bigger guns and thicker armor—never got off the drawing board. Those designs which were commissioned during this period were referred to as treaty battleships.[59]
Rise of air power
Bombing tests which sank SMS Ostfriesland (1909), September 1921
As early as 1914, the British Admiral Percy Scott predicted that battleships would soon be made irrelevant by aircraft.[60] By the end of World War I, aircraft had successfully adopted the torpedo as a weapon.[61] In 1921 the Italian general and air theorist Giulio Douhet completed a hugely influential treatise on strategic bombing titled The Command of the Air, which foresaw the dominance of air power over naval units.
In the 1920s, General Billy Mitchell of the United States Army Air Corps, believing that air forces had rendered navies around the world obsolete, testified in front of Congress that "1,000 bombardment airplanes can be built and operated for about the price of one battleship" and that a squadron of these bombers could sink a battleship, making for more efficient use of government funds.[62] This infuriated the U.S. Navy, but Mitchell was nevertheless allowed to conduct a careful series of bombing tests alongside Navy and Marine bombers. In 1921, he bombed and sank numerous ships, including the "unsinkable" German World War I battleship SMS Ostfriesland and the American pre-dreadnought Alabama.[63]
Although Mitchell had required "war-time conditions", the ships sunk were obsolete, stationary, defenseless and had no damage control. The sinking of Ostfriesland was accomplished by violating an agreement that would have allowed Navy engineers to examine the effects of various munitions: Mitchell's airmen disregarded the rules, and sank the ship within minutes in a coordinated attack. The stunt made headlines, and Mitchell declared, "No surface vessels can exist wherever air forces acting from land bases are able to attack them." While far from conclusive, Mitchell's test was significant because it put proponents of the battleship against naval aviation on the defensive.[2] Rear Admiral William A. Moffett used public relations against Mitchell to make headway toward expansion of the U.S. Navy's nascent aircraft carrier program.[64]
Rearmament
The Royal Navy, United States Navy, and Imperial Japanese Navy extensively upgraded and modernized their World War I–era battleships during the 1930s. Among the new features were an increased tower height and stability for the optical rangefinder equipment (for gunnery control), more armor (especially around turrets) to protect against plunging fire and aerial bombing, and additional anti-aircraft weapons. Some British ships received a large block superstructure nicknamed the "Queen Anne's castle", such as in Queen Elizabeth and Warspite, which would be used in the new conning towers of the King George V-class fast battleships. External bulges were added to improve both buoyancy to counteract weight increase and provide underwater protection against mines and torpedoes. The Japanese rebuilt all of their battleships, plus their battlecruisers, with distinctive "pagoda" structures, though the Hiei received a more modern bridge tower that would influence the new Yamato class. Bulges were fitted, including steel tube arrays to improve both underwater and vertical protection along the waterline. The U.S. experimented with cage masts and later tripod masts, though after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor some of the most severely damaged ships (such as West Virginia and California) were rebuilt with tower masts, for an appearance similar to their Iowa-class contemporaries. Radar, which was effective beyond visual range and effective in complete darkness or adverse weather, was introduced to supplement optical fire control.[65]
Even when war threatened again in the late 1930s, battleship construction did not regain the level of importance it had held in the years before World War I. The "building holiday" imposed by the naval treaties meant the capacity of dockyards worldwide had shrunk, and the strategic position had changed.[66]
In Germany, the ambitious Plan Z for naval rearmament was abandoned in favor of a strategy of submarine warfare supplemented by the use of battlecruisers and commerce raiding (in particular by Bismarck-class battleships). In Britain, the most pressing need was for air defenses and convoy escorts to safeguard the civilian population from bombing or starvation, and re-armament construction plans consisted of five ships of the King George V class. It was in the Mediterranean that navies remained most committed to battleship warfare. France intended to build six battleships of the Dunkerque and Richelieu classes, and the Italians four Littorio-class ships. Neither navy built significant aircraft carriers. The U.S. preferred to spend limited funds on aircraft carriers until the South Dakota class. Japan, also prioritising aircraft carriers, nevertheless began work on three mammoth Yamatos (although the third, Shinano, was later completed as a carrier) and a planned fourth was cancelled.[13]
At the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, the Spanish navy included only two small dreadnought battleships, España and Jaime I. España (originally named Alfonso XIII), by then in reserve at the northwestern naval base of El Ferrol, fell into Nationalist hands in July 1936. The crew aboard Jaime I remained loyal to the Republic, killed their officers, who apparently supported Franco's attempted coup, and joined the Republican Navy. Thus each side had one battleship; however, the Republican Navy generally lacked experienced officers. The Spanish battleships mainly restricted themselves to mutual blockades, convoy escort duties, and shore bombardment, rarely in direct fighting against other surface units.[67] In April 1937, España ran into a mine laid by friendly forces, and sank with little loss of life. In May 1937, Jaime I was damaged by Nationalist air attacks and a grounding incident. The ship was forced to go back to port to be repaired. There she was again hit by several aerial bombs. It was then decided to tow the battleship to a more secure port, but during the transport she suffered an internal explosion that caused 300 deaths and her total loss. Several Italian and German capital ships participated in the non-intervention blockade. On May 29, 1937, two Republican aircraft managed to bomb the German pocket battleship Deutschland outside Ibiza, causing severe damage and loss of life. Admiral Scheer retaliated two days later by bombarding Almería, causing much destruction, and the resulting Deutschland incident meant the end of German and Italian participation in non-intervention.[68]
World War II
Main article: Battleships in World War II
See also: List of battleships of the Second World War
Imperial Japanese Navy's Yamato, seen here under air attack in 1945, and her sister ship Musashi (1940) were the heaviest battleships in history.
Pennsylvania leading battleship Colorado and cruisers Louisville, Portland, and Columbia into Lingayen Gulf, Philippines, January 1945
The Schleswig-Holstein—an obsolete pre-dreadnought—fired the first shots of World War II with the bombardment of the Polish garrison at Westerplatte;[69] and the final surrender of the Japanese Empire took place aboard a United States Navy battleship, USS Missouri. Between those two events, it had become clear that aircraft carriers were the new principal ships of the fleet and that battleships now performed a secondary role.
Battleships played a part in major engagements in Atlantic, Pacific and Mediterranean theaters; in the Atlantic, the Germans used their battleships as independent commerce raiders. However, clashes between battleships were of little strategic importance. The Battle of the Atlantic was fought between destroyers and submarines, and most of the decisive fleet clashes of the Pacific war were determined by aircraft carriers.
In the first year of the war, armored warships defied predictions that aircraft would dominate naval warfare. Scharnhorst and Gneisenau surprised and sank the aircraft carrier Glorious off western Norway in June 1940.[70] This engagement marked the only time a fleet carrier was sunk by surface gunnery. In the attack on Mers-el-Kébir, British battleships opened fire on the French battleships in the harbor near Oran in Algeria with their heavy guns. The fleeing French ships were then pursued by planes from aircraft carriers.
The subsequent years of the war saw many demonstrations of the maturity of the aircraft carrier as a strategic naval weapon and its effectiveness against battleships. The British air attack on the Italian naval base at Taranto sank one Italian battleship and damaged two more. The same Swordfish torpedo bombers played a crucial role in sinking the German battleship Bismarck.
On December 7, 1941, the Japanese launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. Within a short time, five of eight U.S. battleships were sunk or sinking, with the rest damaged. All three American aircraft carriers were out to sea, however, and evaded destruction. The sinking of the British battleship Prince of Wales and battlecruiser Repulse, demonstrated the vulnerability of a battleship to air attack while at sea without sufficient air cover, settling the argument begun by Mitchell in 1921. Both warships were under way and en route to attack the Japanese amphibious force that had invaded Malaya when they were caught by Japanese land-based bombers and torpedo bombers on December 10, 1941.[71]
Haruna attacked by U.S. Navy carrier aircraft at Kure air raid, 28 July 1945
At many of the early crucial battles of the Pacific, for instance Coral Sea and Midway, battleships were either absent or overshadowed as carriers launched wave after wave of planes into the attack at a range of hundreds of miles. In later battles in the Pacific, battleships primarily performed shore bombardment in support of amphibious landings and provided anti-aircraft defense as escort for the carriers. Even the largest battleships ever constructed, Japan's Yamato class, which carried a main battery of nine 18-inch (46 cm) guns and were designed as a principal strategic weapon, were never given a chance to show their potential in the decisive battleship action that figured in Japanese pre-war planning.[72]
The last battleship confrontation in history was the Battle of Surigao Strait, on October 25, 1944, in which a numerically and technically superior American battleship group destroyed a lesser Japanese battleship group by gunfire after it had already been devastated by destroyer torpedo attacks. All but one of the American battleships in this confrontation had previously been sunk during the attack on Pearl Harbor and subsequently raised and repaired. Mississippi fired the last major-caliber salvo of this battle.[73] In April 1945, during the battle for Okinawa, the world's most powerful battleship,[74] the Yamato, was sent out on a suicide mission against a massive U.S. force and sunk by overwhelming pressure from carrier aircraft with nearly all hands lost. After that, Japanese fleet remaining in the mainland was also destroyed by the US naval air force.
Cold War
Operation Crossroads
After World War II, several navies retained their existing battleships, but they were no longer strategically dominant military assets. It soon became apparent that they were no longer worth the considerable cost of construction and maintenance and only one new battleship was commissioned after the war, HMS Vanguard. During the war it had been demonstrated that battleship-on-battleship engagements like Leyte Gulf or the sinking of HMS Hood were the exception and not the rule, and with the growing role of aircraft engagement ranges were becoming longer and longer, making heavy gun armament irrelevant. The armor of a battleship was equally irrelevant in the face of a nuclear attack as tactical missiles with a range of 100 kilometres (60 mi) or more could be mounted on the Soviet Kildin-class destroyer and Whiskey-class submarines. By the end of the 1950s, smaller vessel classes such as destroyers, which formerly offered no noteworthy opposition to battleships, now were capable of eliminating battleships from outside the range of the ship's heavy guns.
The remaining battleships met a variety of ends. USS Arkansas and Nagato were sunk during the testing of nuclear weapons in Operation Crossroads in 1946. Both battleships proved resistant to nuclear air burst but vulnerable to underwater nuclear explosions.[75] The Giulio Cesare was taken by the Soviets as reparations and renamed Novorossiysk; she was sunk by a leftover German mine in the Black Sea on October 29, 1955. The two Andrea Doria-class ships were scrapped in 1956.[76] The French Lorraine was scrapped in 1954, Richelieu in 1968,[77] and Jean Bart in 1970.[78]
United States Battleship naval fleet in 1987, during the Cold War
The United Kingdom's four surviving King George V-class ships were scrapped in 1957,[79] and Vanguard followed in 1960.[80] All other surviving British battleships had been sold or broken up by 1949.[81] The Soviet Union's Marat was scrapped in 1953, Parizhskaya Kommuna in 1957 and Oktyabrskaya Revolutsiya (back under her original name, Gangut, since 1942)[82] in 1956–57.[82] Brazil's Minas Geraes was scrapped in Genoa in 1953,[83] and her sister ship São Paulo sank during a storm in the Atlantic en route to the breakers in Italy in 1951.[83]
Argentina kept its two Rivadavia-class ships until 1956 and Chile kept Almirante Latorre (formerly HMS Canada) until 1959.[84] The Turkish battlecruiser Yavûz (formerly SMS Goeben, launched in 1911) was scrapped in 1976 after an offer to sell her back to Germany was refused. Sweden had several small coastal-defense battleships, one of which, HSwMS Gustav V, survived until 1970.[85] The Soviets scrapped four large incomplete cruisers in the late 1950s, whilst plans to build a number of new Stalingrad-class battlecruisers were abandoned following the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953.[86] The three old German battleships Schleswig-Holstein, Schlesien, and Hessen all met similar ends. Hessen was taken over by the Soviet Union and renamed Tsel. She was scrapped in 1960. Schleswig-Holstein was renamed Borodino, and was used as a target ship until 1960. Schlesien, too, was used as a target ship. She was broken up between 1952 and 1957.[87]
USS Missouri launches a Tomahawk missile during Operation Desert Storm.
The Iowa-class battleships gained a new lease of life in the U.S. Navy as fire support ships. Radar and computer-controlled gunfire could be aimed with pinpoint accuracy to target. The U.S. recommissioned all four Iowa-class battleships for the Korean War and the New Jersey for the Vietnam War. These were primarily used for shore bombardment, New Jersey firing nearly 6,000 rounds of 16 inch shells and over 14,000 rounds of 5 inch projectiles during her tour on the gunline,[88] seven times more rounds against shore targets in Vietnam than she had fired in the Second World War.[89]
As part of Navy Secretary John F. Lehman's effort to build a 600-ship Navy in the 1980s, and in response to the commissioning of Kirov by the Soviet Union, the United States recommissioned all four Iowa-class battleships. On several occasions, battleships were support ships in carrier battle groups, or led their own battleship battle group. These were modernized to carry Tomahawk (TLAM) missiles, with New Jersey seeing action bombarding Lebanon in 1983 and 1984, while Missouri and Wisconsin fired their 16-inch (406 mm) guns at land targets and launched missiles during Operation Desert Storm in 1991. Wisconsin served as the TLAM strike commander for the Persian Gulf, directing the sequence of launches that marked the opening of Desert Storm, firing a total of 24 TLAMs during the first two days of the campaign. The primary threat to the battleships were Iraqi shore-based surface-to-surface missiles; Missouri was targeted by two Iraqi Silkworm missiles, with one missing and another being intercepted by the British destroyer HMS Gloucester.[90]
End of the battleship era
The American Texas (1912) is the only preserved example of a Dreadnought-type battleship that dates to the time of the original HMS Dreadnought.
After Indiana was stricken in 1962, the four Iowa-class ships were the only battleships in commission or reserve anywhere in the world. There was an extended debate when the four Iowa ships were finally decommissioned in the early 1990s. USS Iowa and USS Wisconsin were maintained to a standard whereby they could be rapidly returned to service as fire support vessels, pending the development of a superior fire support vessel. These last two battleships were finally stricken from the U.S. Naval Vessel Register in 2006.[91][92][93] The Military Balance and Russian Foreign Military Review states the U.S. Navy listed one battleship in the reserve (Naval Inactive Fleet/Reserve 2nd Turn) in 2010.[94][95] The Military Balance states the U.S. Navy listed no battleships in the reserve in 2014.[96]
When the last Iowa-class ship was finally stricken from the Naval Vessel Registry, no battleships remained in service or in reserve with any navy worldwide. A number are preserved as museum ships, either afloat or in drydock. The U.S. has eight battleships on display: Massachusetts, North Carolina, Alabama, Iowa, New Jersey, Missouri, Wisconsin, and Texas. Missouri and New Jersey are museums at Pearl Harbor and Camden, New Jersey, respectively. Iowa is on display as an educational attraction at the Los Angeles Waterfront in San Pedro, California. Wisconsin now serves as a museum ship in Norfolk, Virginia.[97] Massachusetts, which has the distinction of never having lost a man during service, is on display at the Battleship Cove naval museum in Fall River, Massachusetts.[98] Texas, the first battleship turned into a museum, is normally on display at the San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Site, near Houston, but as of 2021 is closed for repairs.[99] North Carolina is on display in Wilmington, North Carolina. Alabama is on display in Mobile, Alabama. The wreck of Arizona, sunk during the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941, is designated a historical landmark and national gravesite. The wreck of Utah, also sunk during the attack, is a historic landmark.
The only other 20th-century battleship on display is the Japanese pre-dreadnought Mikasa. A replica of the ironclad battleship Dingyuan was built by the Weihai Port Bureau in 2003 and is on display in Weihai, China.[citation needed]
Former battleships that were previously used as museum ships included USS Oregon (BB-3), SMS Tegetthoff, and SMS Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand.
Strategy and doctrine
Doctrine
USS Iowa fires a full broadside of her nine 16″/50 and six 5″/38 guns during a target exercise.
Battleships were the embodiment of sea power. For American naval officer Alfred Thayer Mahan and his followers, a strong navy was vital to the success of a nation, and control of the seas was vital for the projection of force on land and overseas. Mahan's theory, proposed in The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660–1783 of 1890, dictated the role of the battleship was to sweep the enemy from the seas.[100] While the work of escorting, blockading, and raiding might be done by cruisers or smaller vessels, the presence of the battleship was a potential threat to any convoy escorted by any vessels other than capital ships. This concept of "potential threat" can be further generalized to the mere existence (as opposed to presence) of a powerful fleet tying the opposing fleet down. This concept came to be known as a "fleet in being"—an idle yet mighty fleet forcing others to spend time, resource and effort to actively guard against it.[citation needed]
Mahan went on to say victory could only be achieved by engagements between battleships, which came to be known as the decisive battle doctrine in some navies, while targeting merchant ships (commerce raiding or guerre de course, as posited by the Jeune École) could never succeed.[101]
Mahan was highly influential in naval and political circles throughout the age of the battleship,[2][102] calling for a large fleet of the most powerful battleships possible. Mahan's work developed in the late 1880s, and by the end of the 1890s it had acquired much international influence on naval strategy;[2] in the end, it was adopted by many major navies (notably the British, American, German, and Japanese). The strength of Mahanian opinion was important in the development of the battleships arms races, and equally important in the agreement of the Powers to limit battleship numbers in the interwar era.[citation needed]
The "fleet in being" suggested battleships could simply by their existence tie down superior enemy resources. This in turn was believed to be able to tip the balance of a conflict even without a battle. This suggested even for inferior naval powers a battleship fleet could have important strategic effect.[citation needed]
Tactics
While the role of battleships in both World Wars reflected Mahanian doctrine, the details of battleship deployment were more complex. Unlike ships of the line, the battleships of the late 19th and early 20th centuries had significant vulnerability to torpedoes and mines—because efficient mines and torpedoes did not exist before that[103]—which could be used by relatively small and inexpensive craft. The Jeune École doctrine of the 1870s and 1880s recommended placing torpedo boats alongside battleships; these would hide behind the larger ships until gun-smoke obscured visibility enough for them to dart out and fire their torpedoes.[2] While this tactic was made less effective by the development of smokeless propellant, the threat from more capable torpedo craft (later including submarines) remained. By the 1890s, the Royal Navy had developed the first destroyers, which were initially designed to intercept and drive off any attacking torpedo boats. During the First World War and subsequently, battleships were rarely deployed without a protective screen of destroyers.[104]
Battleship doctrine emphasized the concentration of the battlegroup. In order for this concentrated force to be able to bring its power to bear on a reluctant opponent (or to avoid an encounter with a stronger enemy fleet), battlefleets needed some means of locating enemy ships beyond horizon range. This was provided by scouting forces; at various stages battlecruisers, cruisers, destroyers, airships, submarines and aircraft were all used. (With the development of radio, direction finding and traffic analysis would come into play, as well, so even shore stations, broadly speaking, joined the battlegroup.[105]) So for most of their history, battleships operated surrounded by squadrons of destroyers and cruisers. The North Sea campaign of the First World War illustrates how, despite this support, the threat of mine and torpedo attack, and the failure to integrate or appreciate the capabilities of new techniques,[106] seriously inhibited the operations of the Royal Navy Grand Fleet, the greatest battleship fleet of its time.
Strategic and diplomatic impact
The presence of battleships had a great psychological and diplomatic impact. Similar to possessing nuclear weapons today, the ownership of battleships served to enhance a nation's force projection.[2]
Even during the Cold War, the psychological impact of a battleship was significant. In 1946, USS Missouri was dispatched to deliver the remains of the ambassador from Turkey, and her presence in Turkish and Greek waters staved off a possible Soviet thrust into the Balkan region.[107] In September 1983, when Druze militia in Lebanon's Shouf Mountains fired upon U.S. Marine peacekeepers, the arrival of USS New Jersey stopped the firing. Gunfire from New Jersey later killed militia leaders.[108]
Value for money
Battleships were the largest and most complex, and hence the most expensive warships of their time; as a result, the value of investment in battleships has always been contested. As the French politician Etienne Lamy wrote in 1879, "The construction of battleships is so costly, their effectiveness so uncertain and of such short duration, that the enterprise of creating an armored fleet seems to leave fruitless the perseverance of a people".[103] The Jeune École school of thought of the 1870s and 1880s sought alternatives to the crippling expense and debatable utility of a conventional battlefleet. It proposed what would nowadays be termed a sea denial strategy, based on fast, long-ranged cruisers for commerce raiding and torpedo boat flotillas to attack enemy ships attempting to blockade French ports. The ideas of the Jeune École were ahead of their time; it was not until the 20th century that efficient mines, torpedoes, submarines, and aircraft were available that allowed similar ideas to be effectively implemented.[103] The determination of powers such as Germany to build battlefleets with which to confront much stronger rivals has been criticized by historians, who emphasise the futility of investment in a battlefleet that has no chance of matching its opponent in an actual battle.[2]
Former operators
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Imperial Chinese Navy: lost its two Dingyuan-class battleships Dingyuan and Zhenyuan during the Battle of Weihaiwei in 1895.
Austro-Hungarian Navy: lost its entire navy following the collapse of the Empire at the end of World War I.
Royal Yugoslav Navy: its only battleship, KB Jugoslavija, was sunk by Italian frogmen during the 1918 Raid on Pula.
Navy of the Ukrainian People's Republic: lost its entire navy upon its conquest by the Bolsheviks in 1921.
Turkish Naval Forces: sole surviving battleship TCG Turgut Reis was decommissioned in 1933.
Spanish Navy: lost its two surviving España-class battleships during the Spanish Civil War, both in 1937.
Royal Hellenic Navy: lost its two Mississippi-class battleships during the German bombing of Salamis in 1941.
Kriegsmarine: scuttled its two surviving Deutschland-class battleships in 1945, during the closing months of World War II.
Imperial Japanese Navy: surrendered its sole surviving battleship, Nagato to the United States following World War II.
Brazilian Navy: decommissioned its last battleship Minas Geraes in 1952.
Italian Navy: decommissioned its two Andrea Doria-class battleships in 1953.
Soviet Navy: decommissioned its last two Gangut-class battleships in 1956.
Argentine Navy: decommissioned its last battleship ARA Rivadavia in 1957.
Chilean Navy: decommissioned its last battleship, Almirante Latorre in 1958.
Royal Navy: decommissioned its last battleship, HMS Vanguard in 1960.
French Navy: decommissioned its last battleship, Jean Bart in 1970.
United States Navy: decommissioned its last battleship USS Missouri in 1992. She was the last active battleship of any navy.
See also
Arsenal ship
List of battleships
List of sunken battleships
List of ships of World War II
List of battleships of World War I
List of battleships of World War II
Notes
Stoll, J. Steaming in the Dark?, Journal of Conflict Resolution Vol. 36 No. 2, June 1992.
Sondhaus, L. Naval Warfare 1815–1914, ISBN 0-415-21478-5.
Herwig pp. 35, 41, 42.
Mahan 1890/Dover 1987 pp. 2, 3.
Preston 1982, p. 24.
Corbett (2015) Vol. II, pp. 332, 333, "So was consummated perhaps the most decisive and complete naval victory in history"
Breyer p. 115.
Massie (1991) p. 471.
Friedman (2013) p. 68, Captain Pakenham, British observer at Tsushima; "...When 12 inch guns are firing, 10 inch guns go unnoticed...Everything in this war has tended to emphasise the vast importance to a ship...of carrying some of the heaviest and furthest-shooting guns that can be got into her."
Corbett (2015) Vol. 1, pp. 380, 381; the Russians turned back after Admiral Vitgeft was killed aboard his flagship, the battleship Tzesarevich; to remain bottled up in Port Arthur, pending arrival of the Russian Baltic Fleet in 1905. Known as the Battle of August 10 in Russia.
Jeremy Black, "Jutland's Place in History", Naval History (June 2016) 30#3 pp. 16–21.
O'Connell, Robert J. (1993). Sacred vessels: the cult of the battleship and the rise of the U.S. Navy. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-508006-3. [page needed]
Lenton, H. T.: Krigsfartyg efter 1860
"battleship" The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1989. OED Online. Oxford University Press. April 4, 2000.
"Napoleon (90 guns), the first purpose-designed screw line of battleships", Steam, Steel and Shellfire, Conway's History of the Ship, p. 39.
"Hastened to completion Le Napoleon was launched on May 16, 1850, to become the world's first true steam battleship", Steam, Steel and Shellfire, Conway's History of the Ship, p. 39.
Lambert, Andrew (1984). Battleships in Transition, Conway, ISBN 0-85177-315-X pp. 144–47.
In addition, the Navy of the North Germany Confederacy (which included Prussia) bought HMS Renown from Britain in 1870 for use as a gunnery training ship.
"The canon-obusier [shell gun] originally constructed by Colonel Paixhans for the French Naval Service ... was subsequently designated the canon-obusier of 80, No 1 of 1841 ... the diameter of the bore is 22 centimetres (8.65 inches)." From Douglas, Sir Howard, A Treatise on Naval Gunnery 1855 (Conway Maritime Press, 1982; reprinting 1855 edition), p. 201 ISBN 0-85177-275-7. The British undertook trials with shell guns at HMS Excellent starting in 1832. A Treatise on Naval Gunnery 1855, p. 198.
For the U.S. introduction of 8-inch shell guns into the armament of line-of-battle ships in 1841, see Spencer Tucker, Arming the Fleet, US Navy Ordnance in the Muzzle-Loading Era (U.S. Naval Institute Pres, 1989), p. 149. ISBN 0-87021-007-6.
Lambert, Andrew D, The Crimean War, British Grand Strategy Against Russia, 1853–56, Manchester University Press, 1990, ISBN 0-7190-3564-3, pp. 60–61.
Lambert, Andrew: Battleships in Transition, pp. 92–96.
Clowes, William Laird, Four Modern Naval Campaigns, Unit Library, 1902, republished Cornmarket Press, 1970, ISBN 0-7191-2020-9, p. 68.
Clowes, William Laird. Four Modern Naval Campaigns, pp. 54–55, 63.
Wilson, H. W. Ironclads in Action – Vol 1, London, 1898, p. 240.
Gibbons, Tony. The Complete Encyclopedia of Battleships, pp. 28–29.
Gibbons, pp. 30–31.
Gibbons, p. 93.
Conway Marine, "Steam, Steel and Shellfire", p. 96.
Gibbons, Tony: The Complete Encyclopedia of Battleships, p. 101.
Beeler, John (2001). Birth of the battleship: British capital ship design 1870–1881. Annapoli, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 224. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
Hill, Richard. War at Sea in the Ironclad Age, ISBN 0-304-35273-X. [page needed]
Kennedy 1983, p. 209.
Preston 1989, p. [page needed].
Preston, Antony (1972). Battleships of World War I. New York: Galahad Books. ISBN 0883653001.[page needed]
Gibbons, p. 168.
Burgess; Heilbrun, Edwin; Margaret (January 11, 2013). "Dreadnaught: Britain, Germany, and the Coming of the Great War". Library Journal. 138 (18): 53. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
Cuniberti, Vittorio, "An Ideal Battleship for the British Fleet", All The World's Fighting Ships, 1903, pp. 407–09.
Corbett (2015) Vol. 1 pp. 380, 381
Corbett (2015) Vol. II p. 246
Corbett (2015) Vol. II p. 445.
Evans and Peattie, Kaigun, p. 159.
Burr, Lawrence (2006). British Battlecruisers 1914–18. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. pp. 4–7. ISBN 978-1-84603-008-6.
Gibbons, pp. 170–71.
"The Battleship Dreadnought: Technological, Economic and Strategic Contexts", The Dreadnought and the Edwardian Age, Routledge, pp. 179–196, December 5, 2016, doi:10.4324/9781315240213-21, ISBN 9781315240213, retrieved September 24, 2023
Ireland, Bernard Janes War at Sea, p. 66.
Gilbert, Adrian (2000). The encyclopedia of warfare: from earliest time to the present day, Part 25. Taylor & Francis. p. 224. ISBN 978-1-57958-216-6. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2012.
Keegan, p. 289.
"Are Battleships Obsolete?". the Wells Brothers. 2001. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
Ireland, Bernard: Jane's War At Sea, pp. 88–95.
Padfield 1972, p. 240.
Andrew Marr's The Making of Modern Britain Episode 3.
Massie, Robert. Castles of Steel, London, 2005. pp. 127–45.
Compton-Hall, Richard (2004). Submarines at War 1914–18. Periscope Publishing Ltd. pp. 155–62. ISBN 978-1-904381-21-1.
Massie, Robert. Castles of Steel, London, 2005. pp. 675.
Kennedy 1983, pp. 247–249.
Ireland, Bernard: Jane's War At Sea, p. 118.
Friedman, Norman. U.S. Battleships, pp. 181–82.
Kennedy 1983, p. 277.
Ireland, Bernard. Jane's War at Sea, pp. 124–26, 139–42.
Sumrall, Robert. The Battleship and Battlecruiser, in Gardiner, R: The Eclipse of the Big Gun. Conway Maritime, London. ISBN 0-85177-607-8. pp. 25–28.
Kennedy 1983, p. 199.
From the Guinness Book of Air Facts and Feats (3rd edition, 1977): "The first air attack using a torpedo dropped by an aeroplane was carried out by Flight Commander Charles H. K. Edmonds, flying a Short 184 seaplane from HMS Ben-my-Chree on August 12, 1915, against a 5,000 ton (5,080 tonne) Turkish supply ship in the Sea of Marmara. Although the enemy ship was hit and sunk, the captain of a British submarine claimed to have fired a torpedo simultaneously and sunk the ship. It was further stated that the British submarine E14 had attacked and immobilised the ship four days earlier. However, on August 17, 1915, another Turkish ship was sunk by a torpedo of whose origin there can be no doubt. On this occasion Flight Commander C. H. Edmonds, flying a Short 184, torpedoed a Turkish steamer a few miles north of the Dardanelles. His formation colleague, Flight Lieutenant G. B. Dacre, was forced to land on the water owing to engine trouble but, seeing an enemy tug close by, taxied up to it and released his torpedo. The tug blew up and sank. Thereafter, Dacre was able to take off and return to the Ben-my-Chree."
Boyne, Walter J. "The Spirit of Billy Mitchell" Archived June 20, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Air Force Magazine, June 1996.
"Vice Admiral Alfred Wilkinson Johnson, USN Ret. The Naval Bombing Experiments: Bombing Operations (1959)". History.navy.mil. Archived from the original on April 9, 2010. Retrieved January 31, 2009.
Jeffers, H. Paul (2006). Billy Mitchell: The Life, Times, and Battles of America's Prophet of Air Power. Zenith Press. ISBN 0-7603-2080-2. [page needed]
"CombinedFleet.com". Combinedfleet.com. Archived from the original on February 3, 2009. Retrieved January 31, 2009.
Fuller, John (1945). Armament and history; a study of the influence of armament on history from the dawn of classical warfare to the second World War [by] Major General J.F.C. Fuller. New York: Scribner's Sons. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
Gibbons, p. 195.
Greger, René. Schlachtschiffe der Welt, p. 251.
Gibbons, p. 163.
Gibbons, pp. 246–47.
Axell, Albert: Kamikaze, p. 14.
Gibbons, pp. 262–63.
Samuel Eliot Morison, History of US Naval Operations in World War II Vol. 12, Leyte, p. 226.
Jentschura, Dieter, Mickel p. 39.
Operation 'Crossroads' – the Bikini A-bomb tests, in Ireland, Bernard (1996). Jane's Battleships of the 20th Century. New York: HarperCollins. pp. 186–87. ISBN 978-0-00-470997-0.
Fitzsimons, Bernard, ed. (technical assistance from Bill Gunston, Antony Preston, & Ian Hogg) Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare. London: Phoebus, 1978, Volume 2, p. 114.
Fitzsimons, Volume 20, p. 2213, "Richelieu". No mention of her sister, Jean Bart.
Gardiner, Robert (Ed.); (1980); Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946; ISBN 0-85177-146-7; p. 260.
Fitzsimons, Volume 15, p. 1636, "King George V"
Fitzsimons, Volume 23, p. 2554, "Vanguard"
Gardiner, pp. 7, 14.
Fitzsimons, Volume 10, p. 1086, "Gangut"
Fitzsimons, Volume 17, p. 1896, "Minas Gerais"
Fitzsimons, Volume 1, p. 84, "Almirante Latorre"
Gardiner, p. 368.
McLaughlin, Stephen (2006). Jordan, John (ed.). Project 82: The Stalingrad Class. Warship 2006. London: Conway. p. 117. ISBN 978-1-84486-030-2.
Gardiner, p. 222.
Polmar, p. 129.
History of World Seapower, Bernard Brett, ISBN 0-603-03723-2, p. 236.
"Global Defence Review : Defence Power". April 26, 2009. Archived from the original on April 26, 2009.
Naval Vessel Register for BB61. U.S. Navy, December 14, 2009. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
Naval Vessel Register for BB64. U.S. Navy, April 30, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
"Iowa Class Battleship". Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on May 31, 2009. Retrieved March 18, 2007.
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"TARGET&ЗВО". Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved November 20, 2013.
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Massie, Robert K. Castles of Steel, London, 2005. ISBN 1-84413-411-3. [page needed]
Mahan, A.T., Captain, U.S. Navy. Influence of Sea Power on History, 1660–1783. Boston: Little Brown, passim.
Kennedy 1983, pp. 2, 200, 206.
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"Battleships, Mines, and Torpedoes". Canadian Magazine. 22: 501–02. March 1904. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
It could presage an enemy sortie, or locate an enemy over the horizon. Beesly, Patrick. Room 40 (London: Hamish Hamilton)
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Further reading
Breyer, Siegfried (1973). Battleships and Battlecruisers of the world, 1905–1970. London: Macdonald/Jane's. ISBN 978-0-356-04191-9.
Herwig, Holger (1980). Luxury Fleet, The Imperial German Navy 1888–1918. Ashfield Press. ISBN 978-0-948660-03-0.
Mahan, Alred Thayer. Reflections, Historic and Other, Suggested by the Battle of the Japan Sea. By Captain A. T. Mahan, US Navy. US Naval Proceedings magazine; June 1906, volume XXXIV, number 2. United States Naval Institute Press.
Massie, Robert (1991). Dreadnought: Britain, Germany and the Coming of the Great War. Random House, NY. ISBN 978-0-394-52833-5.
Taylor, Bruce, ed. The world of the battleship: The design and careers of capital ships of the world's navies, 1900–1950 (US Naval Institute Press, 2017). 224 pp. ISBN 978-1-848-32178-6.
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S+++R
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-BRILLIANT HACKER-
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_+_+_+_---::::;::-INFJ INTJ INTJ ESFJ ESFJ----------------451.555-*====SUPER MASTERMIND + SUPER PROGRAMMER====*=
!THE NEXT,THE NEW, THE GENIUS!??##!------
-------SUPER GENIUS-------
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---SUPER GENIUS-+-_Common_+-/False and not yet M.E
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QWERTYUIOPASDFGHJKLZXCVBNM1234567890147258369-----__-+
_****&&&^^^%%%$$##@@!!-+-INFJ ESFJ INFJ INTJ ISTP_****&&&^^^%%%$$##@@!!-+-
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STARTNOW?
CHANGED!!!!
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AND IN MIND!?><>
AN ARROGANT ENDING...just,,*LAUGHED&*
